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1. Introduction
2. The example project in this lecture
3. The complexity of the immune system
4. A systems immunological approach to dissect ongoing immune responses
5. How to use single cell technologies and systems immunology
6. Impaired type I IFN activity and inflammatory responses
7. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs
8. What other factors may account for severe cases?
9. The adaptive immune system reacting to SARS-CoV-2 over time
10. Chronic presence of plasmablasts in peripheral blood during severe COVID-19
11. 10x genomics technology
12. Transcriptomic clusters of activated B cells in COVID-19 patients
13. Activated B cells of severe COVID patients show no IFN-instruction later on
14. Cytokines are targeting immunoglobulin switch recombination to distinct classes
15. Antibody-isotypes report the cytokines driving the immune reaction
16. Is it an immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2?
17. IgA2 of COVID-19 patients is not specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
18. If not SARS-CoV-2, what are the antibodies targeting?
19. None of the cloned BCRs recognize the SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleoprotein
20. Severe COVID-19: TGF-β chronic immune reaction
21. Could TGF-β be to blame for delayed IFN response seen in severe COVID-19?
22. Early peak of serum TGF-β during severe COVID-19
23. A TGF-β response gene signature of NK cells is characteristic for severe COVID-19
24. TGF-β response is specific to severe COVID-19 and limits antiviral function of NK cells (1)
25. TGF-β response is specific to severe COVID-19 and limits antiviral function of NK cells (2)
26. Antiviral function of NK cells can be restored by anti-TGF-β
27. Which cells are expressing and responsible for the early peak of TGF-β
28. Lung cells from deceased COVID-19 patients express increased levels of TGF-β1 (1)
29. Lung cells from deceased COVID-19 patients express increased levels of TGF-β1 (2)
30. How does SARS-CoV-2 induce or mimic TGF-β responses in infected cells?
31. SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) interacts with activated SMAD3
32. SARS-CoV-2 factors which promote TGF-β
33. Studying immune responses in severe COVID-19 at single cell level
34. Induction of a TGF-β response and the delayed IFN response in patients with severe COVID-19
35. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Severe COVID-19
• Impaired type 1 interferon activity
• The adaptive immune system and COVID-19
• Chronic presence of plasmablasts
• 10x genomics technology
• Transcriptomic clusters
• IgA2
• IgG1
• IgM
• IgA1
• Spike protein and nucleoprotein
• TGF-β

Links

Series:

• The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
• Periodic Reports: Advances in Clinical Interventions and Research Platforms

Categories:

• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation
• Infectious Diseases

Talk Citation

Mashreghi, M. (2023, January 31). Studying immune responses “one cell at a time” [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 20, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/NWQQ7832.
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Publication History

• Published on January 31, 2023

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. Mir-Farzin Mashreghi has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.