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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Inflammatory diseases: the facts
- A starting point: a Russian, Mechnikov
- Almroth Wright, founding father of innate immunity
- Up to 1990s: focus on the antigen (Ag)
- Janeway, a key review
- Approaching the asymptote?
- Pathogen associated molecular patterns
- Innate immunity 2009: seven families of PRRs
- Innate immunity to viruses 2010
- The sea urchin: 222 TLRs
- NF-kappaB and p38 as key IL1 signals
- IL-1R family
- Toll!
- The mouldy fly... Toll-deficient Drosophila
- IL-1 receptor family
- The Toll / IL-1R superfamily in humans
- Toll-like receptors: are they important?
- Mal S180L and disease
- When did Mal L180 arise in humans?
- World distribution of MAL S180L
- Superimposing Mal variants
- The leucine mutation occurrence
- Malaria, IPD, TB, Sepsis, SLE
- A family that split 67,000 years ago reunited
- How do TLRs work?
- Toll-like receptors
- TLR4: ignition followed by acceleration
- TLRs in disease: allergy
- TLR4-MAPK-NF-kappaB interaction network
- TLR4 subcellular signalling
- TLR9 subcellular signalling
- Summary
Topics Covered
- Inflammatory diseases
- Development of the immunology field
- Pattern recognition receptors
- Innate immunity to viruses
- Toll-deficient Drosophila
- IL-1 receptor family
- Toll-Like Receptors (TLR): how do we know they are important?
- Mal S180L and disease
- How do TLRs work?
- TLRs in disease
- Subcellular signalling
- Therapeutic potential
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
O'Neill, L. (2020, May 23). Toll-like receptor signalling during infection and inflammation [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/BKUJ5997.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Luke O'Neill has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Update Available
The speaker addresses developments since the publication of the original talk. We recommend listening to the associated update as well as the lecture.
- Full lecture Duration: 46:50 min
- Update Interview Duration: 24:56 min
Other Talks in the Series: The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
All right, so my topic is toll-like
receptors and their signaling pathways.
And their role in infectious diseases and
in the inflammatory process.
And really this has been a very exciting
area for immunology over the past,
I guess, ten years or so.
Because the discovery of these toll-like
receptors has really increased our
understanding of the immune response,
especially innate immunity.
And really the way we view it is it
has been a renaissance of interest in
the innate immune response and
how that kicks in and
respond to bacterial pathogens.
Also viruses, fungi, parasites,
every pathogen that infects us,
these toll-like receptors have a key role.
And I'm gonna go over what
toll-like receptors are,
a bit of history about how
they were discovered and
then their main role in the inflammatory
and infectious response.
0:42
So what we're really talking
about is inflammation, and
inflammatory diseases are a major
problem for humanity.
The overall incidence is about 25%.
And inflammatory diseases include
things like infectious diseases,
which is a major topic period of course.
But also diseases like arthritis,
rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, asthma,
MS, Crohn's disease, colitis.
All of these involve defective
inflammatory processes and of course,
inflammation evolved as a way
to handle pathogens and
come up with a way to defend us against
pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
When it goes wrong,
we get these horrible diseases.
And of course there are drugs
out there to treat inflammation,
anti-inflammatory drugs.
There are newer drugs like Enbrel and
Remicade, which block things like TNF,
Rituxin blocks B cells,
Tosilimumab blocks IL-6.
But really over the past 10 to 15 years or
so, innate immunity has
become a major focus for studies into
inflammation and the inflammatory process.
The hope being that if we understand the
innate immune response we'd have better
treatments for infection, and
also these inflammatory diseases.
And this is firmly where these
toll-like receptors sit,
their discovery as I say gave rise
to this big increase in knowledge
of the innate immune response,
and give us new hope for
the targeting of these horrible
pathogens during infectious diseases.