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1. Introduction
2. Self-tolerance: a definition
3. Why understand tolerance mechanisms?
4. Knowledge of self-tolerance
5. Why do we not react to self?
6. Self-tolerance is acquired rather than inherited
7. Classical transplantation tolerance
8. Central tolerance by clonal deletion
9. Central tolerance
10. T-cell tolerance
11. What constitutes a self-antigen for T-cell tolerance?
12. T-cell tolerance in the thymus
13. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
14. Regulatory T-cells
15. Ipex syndrome
16. Two major sets of CD4+ regulatory T-cells
17. Role of thymus in T-cell development
18. Evidence for clonal deletion in B-cells
19. Peripheral tolerance
20. Peripheral tolerance in T-cells
21. Overview
22. Co-stimulation
23. Co-inhibition
24. Lack of co-stimulation can result in tolerance
25. Short-term co-receptor or co-stimulation blockade can promote tolerance
26. Inter T-cell co-operation/Licensing of dendritic cells
27. Lack of inter T-cell co-operation promotes tolerance induction
28. Outcomes to tolerant cells
29. Mechanisms learned from experimental tolerance induction in “adult” mice
30. Tolerance to (danger-free) human gamma globulin in mice
31. High dose and low dose tolerance
32. B-cells stay unresponsive as long as T-cells remain tolerant: helplessness
33. Autoimmune diseases
34. How may tolerance “fail”
35. T-cell bypass (for some autoimmune diseases)
36. Coreceptor blockade to induce tolerance to foreign proteins in mice
37. Non depleting CD4 and CD8 antibodies produce tolerance
38. The foxp3 gene is needed for tolerance in TCR transgenic mice
39. TGFβ signalling in T-cells is required for transplant tolerance through blindfolding
40. Tolerance depends on constant vigilance by Foxp3+ Treg
41. Tolerised mice show linked-suppression
42. Tolerance through co-receptor blockade is dominant and infectious
43. Decommissioning of dendritic cells by regulatory T-cells
44. Acquired tissue privilege
45. Modern immunosuppression: tipping the balance

Topics Covered

• Introduction to self-tolerance
• Molecular basis of tolerance
• Central and peripheral tolerance
• Autoimmune diseases
• Co-stimulation and co-inhibition
• Experimental tolerance induction

Links

Series:

• The Immune System - key concepts and questions

Categories:

• Clinical Medicine
• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 29, 2020

Financial Disclosures

• Herman Waldman has ownership interests in the Absolute Antibody company.