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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Outline of talk
- Innate vs. adaptive immunity
- The discovery of the innate immune system
- How can our cells tell that something is foreign?
- Both theories are correct
- Overview of innate immunity
- What are MAMPs?
- What are DAMPs?
- Sensors of MAMPs and DAMPs
- Cell signaling PRMs
- Drosophila use Toll to defend from infection
- Toll-like receptors - outside-in signalling
- Two distinct systems of MAMPs recognition
- Immune response in the intestine (1)
- Immune response in the intestine (2)
- Shigella flexneri
- NFkB is activated by invasive Shigella
- Invasive S. flexneri induces NF-kappaB activation
- Shigella soluble factors activate NF-kappaB
- Microflora vs. pathogen
- NLRs are related to plant R proteins
- NLR family
- NLRs and diseases
- NLRs - detectors of MAMPs AND danger signals
- Nod proteins detect peptidoglycan (1)
- Nod1 - sensor for Gram (-) peptidoglycan
- Nod1 and Nod2 ligands
- Mechanism for Nod activation by a MAMP
- Alerting the cell: Nod1 activates NF-kappaB
- Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular PRMs
- Nod1 is recruited to the site of bacterial entry
- Critical role of Nod1 in infected intestinal cells
- NLRs cytoplasmic sensors of MAMPs & DAMPs
- Mechanism for NLRP protein activation by DAMP
- Bacterial-induced Inflammasomes
- Alerting the cell: the inflammasome
- From innate signals to adaptive immune responses
- Nod1 and Nod2 in adaptive immune responses
- Nod2 stimulation drives Th2 polarization profile
- Overview: TLRS vs. Nods
- TLRs and NLRs co-activation
- Nod1 is critical for priming adaptive immunity
- Infections with Helicobacter pylori
- What compartment carries Nod1-specific function
- Wild type cells cannot rescue Nod1-deficent mice
- Summary
- Acknowledgements (1)
- Acknowledgements (2)
Topics Covered
- How can our cells tell that something is foreign?
- Overview of innate immunity
- Cell signaling PRMs
- Toll-like receptors
- Shigella flexneri
- NLRs are related to plant R proteins involved in disease resistance
- NLRs: detectors of MAMPs and danger signals
- Proposed mechanism for Nod protein activation by a MAMP
- Alerting the cell: Nod1 activates NFkB
- Critical role of Nod1 in infected intestinal epithelial cells
- Proposed mechanism for NLRP protein activation by a DAMP
- The inflammasomes
- How do innate immune signals translate into adaptive immune responses?
- Implication of Nod1 and Nod2 in adaptive immune responses
- TLRs vs. Nods
- Nod1 is required for priming adaptive immunity
- What is the compartment that carries Nod1-specific function?
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Talk Citation
Philpott, D. (2020, July 15). Microbial recognition and the immune response [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 4, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/ENPB2300.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Dana Philpott has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Update Available
The speaker addresses developments since the publication of the original talk. We recommend listening to the associated update as well as the lecture.
- Full lecture Duration: 28:35 min
- Update Interview Duration: 23:07 min
Other Talks in the Series: The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Danna Philpott and I'm
an assistant professor in the Department
of Immunology at
the University of Toronto.
In this lecture, I'll present an overview
of host microbial recognition systems and
how they impact on host immune responses.
0:15
This slide provides
an outline of the talk.
First, I will give a general
introduction into innate immunity,
looking at the function of Toll-like
receptors and Nod-like receptors.
We will examine specifically the role of
Nod-like receptors in microbial detection.
In the second part of this lecture, we
will examine the link between innate and
adaptive immunity,
focusing on how innate signals
drive the adaptive immune response.
0:39
Before delving into a detailed
discussion of innate immunity,
I think it's first useful to compare and
contrast innate versus adaptive immunity.
The innate immune system has been
conserved throughout evolution and
is present in all multicellular organisms.
The adaptive immune system,
on the other hand, is fairly recent, and
it's uniquely present in invertebrates.
In innate immune system,
organisms possess a set number of
germline encoded recognition receptors.
And this is in contrast to the adaptive
system where somatic rearrangement of
genes allows for the generation of a vast
number of recognition receptors or
antibodies that can recognize the infinite
number of antigens that are present in
the environment.
Cells of the innate system
are immediately able to recognize and
react against microbes, whereas the
adaptive immune system requires priming.
Finally, the innate system has no memory
which is unlike the adaptive system which
provides a memory of infection.
1:33
Eli Metchnikoff in the early
1900s first described phagocytes,
one of the key cells
involved in innate immunity.
He watched as these cells that he
had isolated from starfish seek
out foreign substances and engulf them.
He and many more scientists after him
questioned how these cells can recognize
that particles are foreign.