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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Comparison of vaccine-preventable diseases
- Attenuated vaccines
- Inactivated vaccines
- Vaccine development is a complicated process
- New strategies for vaccine discovery (1)
- New strategies for vaccine discovery (2)
- Pathogen variability: Influenza
- Influenza vaccine
- Ways to improve efficacy of influenza vaccines
- Hemagglutinin
- Stalk-based approaches
- Short effector memory: Pertussis
- The Pertussis problem
- Incidence of Pertussis in Wisconsin after TdaP
- Possible improvements of acellular Pertussis vaccines
- Population – specific challenges: Rotavirus
- Rotavirus
- Effect of the Rotavirus vaccination in the U.S.
- Rotavirus vaccine efficacy against severe disease in tropical countries
- Factors that may be decreasing Rotavirus vaccine efficacy in poor countries
- Cytomegalovirus
- Outcome of exposure to transplanted kidney from a CMV-seropositive donor in recipients
- HCMV Structure
- Sanofi-Pasteur gB/MF59 in kidney or liver transplant patients
- Protective factors against fetal CMV transmission
- Ways to generate responses to CMV pentamer
- Human Papillomavirus
- Efficacy of HPV quadrivalent vaccine in females 16-26 years
- Vaccines for oncogenic proteins
- Regression of cervical cancer after E6/E7 DNA vaccination
- Value of structural biology: RSV
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Stabilizing prefusion RSV F results in a candidate vaccine
- Pre-fusion F vs. post-fusion F against RSV infection in cotton rats
- RSV candidate vaccines
- DNA/RNA vaccines
- Zika virus
- Immunization with Zika DNA induces robust seroconversion
- Zika vaccine using mRNA
- Bacterial vaccines
- Reverse vaccinology
- The need for new adjuvants
- Adjuvants
- Combining adjuvants
- Unsolved problems in vaccinology (1)
- Unsolved problems in vaccinology (2)
Topics Covered
- New strategies for vaccine development
- Influenza vaccines need improvement
- The microbiome influences rotavirus vaccine efficacy
- Vaccines against cytomegalovirus
- Vaccines against human papillomavirus and cervical cancer
- Insights from structural biology and the development of vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus
- Vaccines based on DNA and RNA
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Plotkin, S. (2019, December 31). Successes and failures with vaccines [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/HBMQ5793.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Stanley Plotkin consults for Sanofi, Merck, GSK, Pfizer and Takeda
Other Talks in the Series: Periodic Reports: Advances in Clinical Interventions and Research Platforms
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Dr. Stanley Plotkin.
I am a vaccinologist of long date.
I am at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, United States.
I am a medical doctor and have written extensively about vaccines and developed several.
0:25
So the effect of vaccines on public health has been tremendous as everyone should know.
With this slide gives our data from the United States for
a number of diseases for which we have practiced vaccination for some years.
It shows the number of cases of individual diseases
before the use of vaccines early in the 20th century,
and then the number of cases currently where of course what we see a tremendous drop.
This effect is probably more important than any other medical intervention.
1:10
So this slide shows one of
the two general strategies for developing vaccines in the past,
and that is attenuation.
The first one, of course, was Jenner's vaccinia.
But then Louis Pasteur,
about 80 years later,
started to physically attenuate agent such as rabies,
and that gave us really the first general vaccines that could be given by injection.
Then in the 20th century,
passage of agents in animals or in eggs,
as in the case of the yellow fever vaccine,
gave us more vaccines.
Finally, the invention of passage of viruses and cell culture after
the Second World War resulted in a exploration of vaccines such as measles,
mumps, rubella, and others.