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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- The grand mycological challenge
- The hidden killers
- WHO: fungal pathogen priority list 2022
- The grand mycological challenge: immunology
- Anti-fungal immunity
- Specialised immune responses
- Cells involved in immune response
- Factors that affect immune response
- Initial host-pathogen interaction is key
- Recognizing and responding to a pathogen
- Fungal recognition and uptake
- The fungal cell wall
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
- Opsonin's
- Complement system
- C5a-licensed phagocytes
- Preventing cell lysis and activation
- Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
- Drosophila susceptibility to fungal infection
- TLRs in anti-fungal immunity
- TLR protection is variable
- The role of TLR in anti-fungal immunity
- Are TLRs important? Human: in natura
- Importance of TLRs in anti-fungal immunity in humans
- Dectin-1 and dectin-2
- C-type lectin receptors: diverse roles in immunity and homeostasis
- Dectin-1, dectin-2 and mincle
- Mutation in the CARD9 complex
- Immune responses mediated by dectin-1
- Essential role of dectin-1 in anti-fungal immunity: mouse and human
- Multiple PRR interactions
- C-type lectins collaborate with other PRRs
- C-type lectins collaborate with other PRRs: chromoblastomycosis
- C-type lectins: chromoblastomycosis treatment
- Protection or pathology?
- C-type lectins: environmental agonists
- Responses induced by PRRs
- Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs)
- Cellular responses
- Antimicrobial activities
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
- Innate anti-fungal immunity
- The grand mycological challenge: recap
- Thank you!
Topics Covered
- The challenges of human fungal infection
- Antifungal immunity
- The fungal cell wall
- Opsonic receptors
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
- Toll-like receptors and relevance to disease
- C-type lectins and relevance to disease
- Co-stimulation of PRRs
- Neutrophil extracellular traps
Links
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External Links
Talk Citation
Brown, G.D. (2024, February 29). Innate immunity to fungi [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WGOG1612.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Gordon Brown is supported by Wellcome Trust, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology and NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre.
Other Talks in the Series: The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is Gordon Brown.
I'm based at the MRC Center
for Medical Mycology
at the University of Exeter.
Today, I'm going to talk to you
about innate
antifungal immunity.
0:14
I'd like to start by
highlighting the huge burden of
fungal infections that
we face going forward.
As you can see here,
fungal infections kill
about 1 1/2 million
people every year.
That's on the same magnitude as
the number of people that
die from tuberculosis,
and 3,000 more are
killed by malaria.
Part of the reason
why fungal infections
are so neglected is due
to the historic reason,
fungal infections
have only really
dramatically increased
over the last few decades,
but also due to a lack of
capacity in that field.
This is evident by looking at
the funding levels for research.
As you can see of the slide,
roughly 2-2 1/2% of
infectious disease
research budgets
are targeted towards
fungal infections,
which doesn't really reflect
the huge burden that
these diseases place on human
morbidity and mortality.
In order to combat
these infections,
we have three major issues
we need to be able to challenge.
We need better diagnostics.
One of the reasons why
fungal infections have
such high mortality rates
is that by the time
clinicians diagnose these
infections, it's too late.
We also need better drugs.
Fungi, of course, are
eukaryotic organisms
and we need better drugs.
But it's difficult to do so
because they are
eukaryotic organisms.
Unfortunately, we only have
a few classes of
antifungal drugs,
and very scarily, antifungal
drug resistance is rising.
The final major issue
to be tackled is
understanding the underlying
immunology of the disease.
Most of the deaths that are
caused by these infections
occur in individuals whose
immune system is compromised.
This is the reason why the
last few decades has been
such a huge increase
in the number of
people infected with
fungal diseases.
This is because of the advent
of modern medical interventions,
catheterization,
immunosuppression for
cancer, for example,
as well as HIV AIDS that led to
a really large
global population of
individuals who are highly
susceptible to fungal infection.