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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- What is multiple sclerosis?
- Multiple sclerosis scans
- Multiple sclerosis form of the disease
- What causes MS?
- Environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility
- The environmental factors - viruses
- The environmental factors
- The genetics of MS
- The genetics of MS - alleles of the MHC
- A complex, multicellular process that evolves throughout the course of the disease
- Autoreactive T-cells
- Autoreactive T-cells: evidence from EAE
- Autoreactive B cells
- Defective immune regulation (1)
- Tregs suppress via several mechanisms
- Defective immune regulation (2)
- The role of myeloid cells in MS
- The MS immune cascade
- How is MS treated?
- Disease modifying treatment (DMTs)
- Treatment efficacy
- Summary
Topics Covered
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Form of the disease
- Environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility
- Defective immune regulation
- How is MS treated?
- Disease modifying treatment (DMTs)
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Jones, J. (2020, July 30). The immunology of multiple sclerosis [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/POPV9845.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Joanne Jones has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Joanne Jones.
I'm a Consultant Immunologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge.
I also run an immunology research group at the University.
The aim of my talk is to give you an overview on the immunology of multiple sclerosis.
0:17
What is multiple sclerosis?
Well, multiple sclerosis can be best defined as
an auto-immune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
Autoimmune refers to the fact that it's caused by
the patient's own immune system mistakenly attacking cell.
In particular, what the immune system attacks in
multiple sclerosis is myelin, which is a fatty substance that
surrounds the axons of nerves protecting them
and enabling them to conduct electrical impulses efficiently.
When we talk to patients about multiple sclerosis,
what it is and what myelin is,
it's often helpful to ask them to think of it as being similar to
the protective plastic outer coating of
electrical wires where the wire is equivalent to the axon.
In multiple sclerosis, protective coating is
damaged and the myelin is stripped from the nerve.
In other words the nerves become demyelinated.
Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes which is specialized cells
within the central nervous system and by that I mean the brain and the spinal cord.
MS affects approximately 2.5 million people worldwide.
It's a major cause of disability in young adults particularly women,
as women are affected three times more commonly than men.
It also has significant personal and socioeconomic costs
as the average age of onset is 30 years.
Approximately 25 years after diagnosis,
50 percent of individuals require permanent use of a wheelchair.
It's a very serious and life altering condition.