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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Understanding the immune system in 1975
- How the immune system destroyed pathogens
- NK cells are a distinct lineage
- Where are NK cells found?
- How can we monitor NK cells?
- NK cells are early effectors (virus)
- NK cells are early effectors (cancer)
- How do NK cells kill?
- What happens when an NK cell encounters a diseased cell?
- What happens when an NK cell encounters a cancer cell?
- Live imaging: encounters between an NK cell and cancer cell
- Role of granules in NK cells
- Mechanisms of killing
- Cytotoxic T cells vs. NK cells
- Self' proteins protect healthy cells
- NK cells are activated by missing 'self'
- NK cells sense the balance of activating and inhibitory proteins
- NK cells and genetically conserved self proteins
- Some viruses escape due to decoy molecules
- NK cells evolved activating receptors to decoy molecules
- An arms race between viruses and NK cells
- An 'evolutionary arms race' led to many variants of NK receptors for 'self'
- Diversity of expression
- KIR gene expansion suggests recent evolutionary challenges
- What genetic studies reveal about the role of NK cells
- What genetic studies reveal about the role of NK cells: HIV example
- What genetic studies reveal about the role of NK cells: HCV example
- What diseases affect people that lack NK cells?
- Is it all about cytotoxicity?
- NK cells exist in large numbers in the pregnant uterus
- NK cells as regulators
- NK cells involvement in a wide range of diseases
- NK-based cancer immunotherapy
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
Topics Covered
- The role of NK (Natural Killer) cells
- Where NK cells are found
- How NK cells kill
- NK cell activation and inhibition
- Genetic studies in NK cells
- NK cells and modern therapies
Links
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Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Kennedy, P. (2021, February 28). Natural killer cells [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 14, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/JKFQ4258.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Philippa Kennedy has no commercial/financial relationships to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Immune System - Key Concepts and Questions
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, I'm Dr. Pippa Kennedy of
the Masonic Cancer Research Center in the University of Minnesota.
This lecture focuses on natural killer cells (or NK cells) which are,
in my heavily biased opinion,
the most interesting cells of the human immune system.
I'm currently researching how natural killer cells can be put to work
eliminating human cancer cells, as part of the revolution in cancer immunotherapy.
I'm doing this work at the Masonic Cancer Research Center in Minnesota.
I've also investigated the protein interactions that
cause an NK cell to kill diseased cells within the body.
Before that, I was studying how natural killer cells in the uterus are,
somewhat unexpectedly, a crucial component of a healthy pregnancy.
But before we talk about any of these fascinating aspects of NK cell biology,
let's start back in 1975 when natural killer cells were first discovered.
0:52
The state of the field in 1975 was that the immune system had
two broad strategies for destroying pathogens or diseased cells within the body.
Firstly, humoral immunity consisted of proteins such as antibodies or complement
that could immobilize pathogens and disrupt their membranes.
Secondly, cellular cytotoxicity relied on immune cells to kill pathogens.
The different types of cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis,
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (or ADCC),
and T-cell cytotoxicity, each have features that make them unique.
Macrophages phagocytose (or 'gobble up') diseased cells,
antibodies are required for ADCC,
and T-cells produce slow-starting, long-lasting memory responses.
This overview of immunity holds true today, but something is missing.