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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis: mother nature’s number one killer
- Global TB disease incidence rates, 2013
- Antimicrobial Mtb resistance
- Vaccines featured in the post-2015 global agenda
- Diagnosing tuberculosis disease
- Diagnosing M. tuberculosis infection
- Mtb pathogenesis: infectious exposure
- Establishment of sustained infection
- Establishment of infection: granuloma formation
- Mtb infection: natural history
- Bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG)
- Complexity of BCG: an issue impacting efficacy?
- Will vaccines be effective against all Mtb strains?
- Key challenges
- Better TB vaccines: reasons to be optimistic
- Opportunities for vaccine intervention
- Potential health impact of new TB vaccines
- Mtb antigens: a complicated, confusing swamp
- Mtb CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell antigens
- Mtb “region of difference” 1 (RD1)
- Metabolic stage specific antigens
Topics Covered
- M. tuberculosis exposure and infection
- Tuberculosis (TB) disease
- Antimicrobial Mtb resistance
- The BCG vaccine
- Challenges of the TB vaccine field
- Potential new & better vaccines
- The variety of Mtb antigens
Links
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Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Evans, T. (2015, June 30). Developing tuberculosis vaccines - challenges and strategies 1 [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/DVUU7559.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Thomas Evans has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Developing tuberculosis vaccines - challenges and strategies 1
Published on June 30, 2015
25 min
Other Talks in the Series: Vaccines
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is Tom Evans.
I am a physician and the chief
executive officer of Aeras,
a nonprofit biotechnology
organization that
is dedicated to
developing tuberculosis
vaccines for the developing
world and all of the world.
And I'd like to talk to
you today about where
we are with TB vaccines,
noting that it's May of 2015.
And this will be a
fast-moving field.
0:22
To start with, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis is the bacterial cause
of this disease.
It's important to realize
that this bacterium
has co-evolved with man
sometime over the last 10,000
to 70,000 years.
There is still some controversy.
And it's very unique in that it
is covered with these waxy mycolic
acids and glycolipid
structures that make it
very different from
some other bacteria.
They give it a protective coating.
And they are part
of its pathogenesis.
0:48
Now, tuberculosis, why do
a vaccine for tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis has been
mother nature's number one
killer over the past two centuries.
Over the past two centuries,
a billion people,
that was with a B, have
died from tuberculosis.
Last year, tuberculosis
was tied with HIV
as the leading cause of infectious
disease death in the world.
A person dies from
tuberculosis every 21 seconds.
There are 1.5 million deaths
per year, somewhere between 9
and 10 million new cases per year.
And this is an
epidemic that continues
unabated throughout the world.
1:25
Unlike some other diseases,
although the incidence is highest
in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in
the cone of Africa down into South
Africa, Botswana, Mozambique area,
the burden is highest in India,
with the largest number of
cases due to their population.
The second highest number
of cases is in China.
And the third highest number
of cases is in Indonesia.
So the BRICS countries, as
well as Sub-Saharan Africa,
really bear most of
the burden from TB.