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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- How HIV vaccine development began
- False starts
- HIV virus biology
- Immune mechanisms
- HIV is extremely variable
- Developing an AIDS vaccine will be tough
- Newer methods for AIDS vaccines
- Chimeric viruses
- Two goals of vaccine production
- The ideal, a universal AIDS vaccine
- Universal AIDS vaccine: T cell responses
- Universal AIDS vaccine: antibody responses
- Is the vaccine beneficial in humans?
- Trial end points and targets
- Populations at risk for HIV infection
- Efficacy trials of AIDS vaccines
- The first HIV vaccine trials
- The Step and Phambili trials
- The HVTN505 trial
- The RV144 trial
- New ways to deliver broadly neutralizing antibodies
- Conclusion
Topics Covered
- HIV virus biology and immune mechanisms
- Development of an HIV vaccine & accompanying difficulties
- New methods of vaccine development
- The ideal HIV vaccine
- HIV vaccine efficacy trials
Links
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Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Fast, P. (2015, June 30). HIV vaccine development [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/BIRM8845.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Patricia Fast has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Vaccines
Transcript
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0:00
Hello, my name is Patricia Fast.
I'm a pediatrician who's worked for about 20 years on AIDS vaccines,
trying to develop an AIDS vaccine.
Currently I'm Senior Technical Advisor for the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative,
which is a non-profit dedicated to the proposition that the world needs an AIDS vaccine,
and I also teach part-time as an Adjunct Associate Professor at Stanford University.
0:26
As soon as the new lentivirus,
HIV-1 was discovered in 1984 as the cause of AIDS,
there was great hope that a vaccine would soon be discovered.
You probably know that lentiviruses are RNA viruses that insert
a copy of their genome into the host genome as a way of replicating.
There are two HIV viruses,
HIV-1 and -2, most of the research has been done on HIV-1,
and I'll generally call it in this lecture, HIV.
The discovery soon afterward of
a related lentivirus that cause AIDS in non-human primates,
macaque monkeys, focused attention on this Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, or SIV model.
Much later it became evident that focusing on the dominant model,
which was a strain of SIV called Mac 239 in rhesus macaques,
lead to a bias in the research because SIV 239 is almost impossible to neutralize.
So it tended to minimize the importance of neutralizing antibodies,
but we'll come back to that.
Eventually, a hybrid virus was constructed between HIV and SIV, it's called SHIV,
and rhesus monkeys could then be infected with a virus that carries
the HIV envelope or the major protein on the surface of HIV,
which it uses to access cells.
That allowed research into the importance of neutralizing antibodies.
A little bit of work was originally done in chimpanzees,
which can be infected with HIV but seldom
become ill. Antibodies were shown to prevent infection,
but because chimpanzees are a protected species,
the model was abandoned.