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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- The placenta
- The placentals
- Normal placentation
- 1st week: the trophoectoderm
- 2nd week: the trophoectoderm
- Early placentation: 2nd week (day 8-12 PC) (1)
- Early placentation: 2nd week (day 8-12 PC) (2)
- Early placentation: 2nd week (day 8-12 PC) (3)
- 3rd week: formation of the villous tissue
- Week 3-6 (PC) or 5-8 LMP of gestation (1)
- Week 3-6 (PC) or 5-8 LMP of gestation (2)
- Week 3-6 (PC) or 5-8 LMP of gestation (3)
- Primitive (primary) to definitive placenta
- The definitive placenta: basic anatomy
- The villous tree (1)
- The villous tree (2)
- The villous tree (3)
- The maternal circulation
- Development of utero-placental circulation (1)
- Development of utero-placental circulation (2)
- The extravillous trophoblast
- The EVT invasion (1)
- The EVT invasion (2)
- Development of utero-placental circulation (1)
- Development of utero-placental circulation (2)
- The challengers/heretics
- Placental O2 in vivo
- Jauniaux & Burton, from in vitro to in vivo 1995-2010
- Boyd collection revised: spiral arteries (1)
- Boyd collection revised: spiral arteries (2)
- O2 & placental development (1)
- O2 & placental development (2)
- Early placental intervillous circulation & O2 paradox
- Aerobic metabolism & free radical cascade
- O2 & the human fetus
- O2 & placental development
- Traditional teaching
- Limiting O2 exposure in the 1st trimester
- Spiral arteries plugging & O2 gradient
- Formation of placental membranes
- Fetal nutrition <11-12 weeks (1)
- Alpha-tocopherol (vit E) TP
- Fetal nutrition <11-12 weeks (2)
- Abnormal placentation
- Miscarriages
- Abnormal EVT migration and onset of the maternal circulation in miscarriage
- Oxidative stress in early pregnancy failure
- Pre-eclampsia
- Insufficient remodelling & pre-eclampsia
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Development and role of the human placenta
- Early placentation
- First trimester placenta
- The definitive placenta
- Utero-placental and intra-placental circulation
- The extra villous trophoblast
- Oxygen control and placental development
- Formation of the placental membranes
- The role of the placenta in fetal nutrition
- placental related disorders of human pregnancy
Links
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Jauniaux, E. (2024, June 30). The human placenta [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 16, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/KCQM3968.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
A selection of talks on Reproduction & Development
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Eric Jauniaux.
I'm a professor at
the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Institute for Woman's Health
at University College London.
It's my pleasure and
honour to present
this lecture on the
human placenta.
0:19
The placenta is
characteristic of
the mammal species
called the placentals.
Basically, to simplify things,
without a placenta,
we would not exist.
0:30
The placentas
probably originated
after the significant
extinction of
the Cretaceous-Paleogene 66
to 65 million years ago.
That's when the
mammals appeared and
that's when the placenta
started to appear.
0:46
The first thing
we're going to do,
and which will be the main
part of my presentation,
is to describe
how normal placentation
takes place in humans and at
the end I will present a few
cases where this phenomenon,
this process, is abnormal.
1:04
The first week is a week when
the first placental
tissue appears under
the terminology trophectoderm.
It's the progenitor tissue of
the entire outer
epithelial component of
the placenta which is going
to become the trophoblast.
As you can see in these images,
the trophectoderm is basically
the first tissue to
appear in the embryo
in the periphery of
the blastocyst here
on day five post-conception.
1:32
Then the trophectoderm
will start developing
and it's absolutely essential
because it mediates
the opposition and
the adhesion of the blastocysts
to the uterine epithelium.
As you can see from the diagram,
migrating down the tube
is the fertilized egg.
When it reaches
day five which is
approximately when it
reaches the uterine cavity,
we'll have the trophectoderm,
which is an essential part of
its attachment to the
uterine epithelium.
Which in most cases,
99% of the time,
is in the upper
part of the uterus.
Low implantation can also
happen in humans and
it's called a placenta previa,
in which case
the blastocyst implants in
the lower part of the
uterus next to the cervix.