We noted you are experiencing viewing problems
-
Check with your IT department that JWPlatform, JWPlayer and Amazon AWS & CloudFront are not being blocked by your network. The relevant domains are *.jwplatform.com, *.jwpsrv.com, *.jwpcdn.com, jwpltx.com, jwpsrv.a.ssl.fastly.net, *.amazonaws.com and *.cloudfront.net. The relevant ports are 80 and 443.
-
Check the following talk links to see which ones work correctly:
Auto Mode
HTTP Progressive Download Send us your results from the above test links at access@hstalks.com and we will contact you with further advice on troubleshooting your viewing problems. -
No luck yet? More tips for troubleshooting viewing issues
-
Contact HST Support access@hstalks.com
-
Please review our troubleshooting guide for tips and advice on resolving your viewing problems.
-
For additional help, please don't hesitate to contact HST support access@hstalks.com
We hope you have enjoyed this limited-length demo
This is a limited length demo talk; you may
login or
review methods of
obtaining more access.
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Fertilization
- Introduction to fertilization
- Sperm transport along the male tract (1)
- Sperm cell anatomy
- Sperm transport along the male tract (2)
- Sperm transport along the female tract (1)
- Sperm transport along the female tract (2)
- Illustrated stages of sperm in female tract
- EM image of human sperm in Fallopian tube
- Capacitation
- Oocyte transport to fertilization site
- Penetration of the egg investment
- Acrosome reaction
- Acrosome reaction in hamster sperm
- Acrosome reaction at the zona pellucida
- Recognition, binding and fusion
- IZUMO1 and the acrosome reaction
- Interaction between sperm and egg (1)
- Interaction between sperm and egg (2)
- Sperm endocytosis and processing
- Sperm endocytosis
- Activation of the oocyte
- Cortical reaction (1)
- Cortical reaction (2)
- Resumption of second meiotic division (1)
- Resumption of second meiotic division (2)
- Pronucleus formation and DNA replication
- Fluorescence-labelled pronuclei
- Sperm’s contribution to the embryo
- Parthenogenesis: uniparental embryos
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Sperm transport along the male tract
- Sperm transport along the female tract
- Capacitation and acrosome reaction
- Transport of oocytes to the fertilization site
- Penetration through the egg investments
- Recognition, binding and fusion of sperm to the oocyte membrane
- Activation of the oocyte and cortical reaction
- Resumption of the second meiotic division
- Pronuclear development and DNA replication
- Sperm contribution to the developing embryo
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Shalgi, R. (2019, December 31). Fertilization [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/NWLN9285.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Ruth Shalgi has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Female Reproductive System: from Basic Science to Fertility Treatments
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Good day, my name is Ruth Shalgi and I'm a researcher in
the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology in
the Sackler School of Medicine in Tel Aviv University in Israel.
My research area is fertilization and the talk today will be about fertilization.
0:24
Fertilization is actually a series of
coordinated and programmed processes which starts with binding of the two gametes,
the sperm binds to the oocyte.
But once they bind,
it's not the end of fertilization as fertilization is
the binding of the two genomes from the two sources.
So fertilization ends when the chromosomes of
the two gametes are arranged on the first mitotic spindle of the zygote,
and the development of the new individual is initiated.
1:03
Let us talk a little bit on the general process of
fertilization in mammals, and humans belong to mammals,
they ejaculate, the sperm is deposited in the female vagina.
Fertilization, it's actually internal fertilization not
like in samples in the other lower species evolutionary.
So the sperm are deposited in the vagina,
which is, of course,
in the female tract,
and the sperm have to move from the area
where they were deposited to the area of fertilization.
Now, in the human, for example,
the vagina is a very hostile area and sperm have to
leave that very quickly and travel along the female tract,
interacting with it, undergoing
several biochemical changes until they get to the point of fertilization.
At fertilization, the sex of the embryo is determined
and the diploid number of chromosomes is restored.
I'm just reminding you that the sperm comes along only with
a haploid number of chromosomes as it underwent meiosis and it is now a haploid cell.
These are the only haploid cells in the body and
the female oocyte is on its way to become haploid.
After fertilization, as I said,
the female and the male gametes will unite on the spindle of
the first mitosis and the cleaving embryo will start developing.
You can see that as the oocyte ovulated,
the oocyte is being fertilized in the tube,
and from there, it is being pushed slowly slowly by
the contraction of the muscles of the tube towards the uterus.
While it's being moved by the muscles and by the cilia of the wall,
the embryo will cleave,
and at the end,
it will come to implant as a blastocyst in the uterus.
So the embryo cleaves and develops into the blastocyst,
which is transferred along the tube and enters the uterus.
Now, what happens if it's not fertilized?
If it's not fertilized within a day,
the oocyte will age,
degenerate, die, and be absorbed.
It's a giant cell, but it's just one cell.
We will see all the stages of ovulation which were studied earlier
and the sperm that are entering the oocyte, the zygote is developed,
the first cleavage and then developing and implanting into the uterus.