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0:00
My name is Stephen Hammes.
I'm a physician-scientist,
and I'm the Chief of the
Division of Endocrinology at
the University of
Rochester Medical Center
in Rochester, New York.
Today, I'm going to talk
about nuclear receptors
with a focus on steroid
hormone receptors.
0:17
This is an outline of the talk.
I'm going to start by discussing the
classification of nuclear receptors,
and I'll talk about the
structure of nuclear receptors,
followed by the functions
of nuclear receptors.
I'll then talk about
receptor mutations that
result in abnormal
physiology or disease.
I'll talk about acquired
resistance to steroids,
and finally,
I'll spend a few minutes
talking about extranuclear
or non-genomic
steroid signaling.
The first section is going to be a
classification of nuclear receptors.
0:47
There are a lot of different ways that
you can classify nuclear receptors,
and this is just one of many
that I'm showing on this slide.
The way I'm dividing
it is on the left,
I'm talking about
endocrine receptors,
and on the right,
there's a little bit
about lipid receptors,
and we're really going
to focus on the green,
which are the
endocrine receptors.
This in particular covers most
of the hormone receptors.
that's the steroid
hormone receptors.
These are considered
high-affinity receptors.
They bind to hormonal lipids,
often metabolites
of cholesterol,
and there are two
different types,
Type I and Type II.
Type I is our steroid
hormone receptors that we
usually think about,
estrogen receptors α and β,
progesterone receptor A and B,
androgen receptor,
glucocorticoid receptor
and mineralocorticoid receptor.
These are Type I receptors,
and I'll describe exactly
what that means in a minute.
Then we also have
Type II receptors,
that includes thyroid
hormone receptors α and β
and also vitamin D receptors.
Then there's a third
receptor we put into
this group called the
retinoic acid receptor.
Again, we'll discuss
the differences between
Type I and Type II in
a couple of minutes.
We also have lipid receptors
which are shown on
the right in red.
These are considered
low-affinity receptors.
They bind to dietary lipids and I
listed a bunch of them in Type II.
They're almost all
Type II receptors.
The most famous ones from
this group are the PPARs,
which are involved in
adipocyte biology.
For the points of this talk,
we're really not going to
discuss the lipid receptors.
As mentioned, we're
going to focus
on the green
endocrine receptors.
