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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Basic sex determination model in mammals (GSD)
- The gonad as a model of fate commitment
- The gonad primordium
- Cells of the gonad are derived from the CE
- Granulosa precursor cells arise from the XX coelomic epithelium until E14.5
- FOXL2+ cells are mitotically arrested
- FOXL2+ cells do not resume cycling until their host follicle is activated
- Embryonic LGR5+ populations give rise to fetal granulosa cells
- Supporting cells in the gonad are derived from the CE
- Sertoli or granulosa cell fate
- The granulosa cell lineage
- The supporting cell lineage
- Do supporting cells show “biased priming”?
- In the supporting cells, there is an initial bias for ovarian development
- Opposing signals control the fate of the gonad
- Postnatal female to male sex determination
- Stabilization of β-catenin leads to silencing of SOX9 and XY sex-reversal to female
- Sample global gene expression in gonads at 6 time points between E11.0-E12.0
- Many “female” genes become dimorphic by down-regulation in the XY gonad
- Many female genes (red) are repressed in XY gonads
- How is epigenetic regulation globally involved in resolving gonad fate?
- At E10.5 male- and female-specific genes are bivalent in XX and XY gonads
- At E13.5 both XY and XX cells lose K27 repressive marks
- Do fetal FOXL2+ cells give rise to adult granulosa cells?
- Primordial follicles in the cortex almost never contained lineage-labeled cells
- Cortical granulosa cells arise from cycling CE progenitors
- When do the cortical granulosa cells arise?
- The ovarian surface epithelium gives rise to pregranulosa cells between P1 and P7
- Once specified, neonatal pregranulosa cells immediately enter cell cycle arrest
- Adult granulosa cells also arise from LGR5+ cells in the CE neonatally
- LGR5+ cells are present on the ovarian surface from E12.5 to adult stages
- Two types of granulosa cells for two types of follicles?
- Oocytes are required for follicle formation and ovary development
- Lineage tracing of individual mouse fetal germ cells
- Primordial follicle formation elucidated by lineage tracing
- Germ cell cysts form during fetal life
- Organelle enrichment and Balbiani formation during mouse oocyte differentiation
- Lineage tracing in mouse fetal germ cells
- An extensive neural network is formed in the ovary by birth
- Neuronal cell bodies enter the ovary by E17.5 and form an extensive network
- Neurons in the ovary are derived from the neural crest
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Formation of the gonad
- Biopotential cell types in the fetal gonad
- Commitment of the supporting cell lineage to granulosa cell fate
- Germ cell cyst formation
- Germ cell entry into meiosis
- Cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation
- Early neuronal development in the ovary
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Talk Citation
Capel, B. (2021, February 24). Early development of the ovary [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/PSZD9639.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Professor Blanche Capel has no commercial/financial relationships to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Female Reproductive System: from Basic Science to Fertility Treatments
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Good morning, I'm Blanche Capel,
I'm in the Department of Cell Biology at Duke University Medical Center.
I'm going to talk to you today about the early development of the ovary.
0:12
I'd like to start with the basic information about
how the testis and ovary form in the embryo.
Sex determination (that is the decision to form a testis or an ovary) depends
in mammals, on whether or not you inherit a Y chromosome from your father.
As you all know, females contribute only an X-bearing oocyte,
but the father can contribute an X- or Y-bearing sperm.
Depending on which fertilizes the oocyte,
the genetic sex of the embryo will be XX or XY.
While this is determined at fertilization,
the phenotypic sex of the embryo is not determined until about mid-gestation in
the mouse and about six to seven weeks in humans, when the fate of the gonad is determined.
Typically, the gonad develops as a testis if there is a Y chromosome present,
so in embryos that are XY or even those that are XXY or XYY
(unusual combinations) the gonad will develop as a testis.
However, if an embryo is XX,
XXX or even XO,
the gonad will develop as an ovary.
1:20
Because the testis and ovary arise from the same primordial
early gonad, the gonad is a very valuable model of fate commitment.
One of the questions that has occupied the field for some time is:
how do the bipotential cells in
the early gonad resolve their fate and commit to a developmental pathway?
This occurs between E10.5 and E12.5 in the mouse,
and as I said, between six and seven weeks in humans.
The testis and ovary both arise from the same bipotential primordial gonad.
If you have a Y chromosome and the SRY gene on the Y chromosome is present,
then typically the gonad forms a testis barring other complications.
But if you do not have a Y chromosome then the testis forms an ovary.