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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- CDC statistics for obesity in the USA
- Obesity maps in the USA
- Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and diabetes
- Burden of disease attributable to hypertension
- Obesity - not an exclusive western disease
- The vicious circle of obesity
- Relevant literature
- Genome-wide association studies limitations
- Early signature of obesity
- Gut microbiota and insulin resistance
- Metabolic phenotyping
- A bit of history!
- The use of metabolic profiles
- The microbiome in human development
- Host-microbiome co-metabolism
- Major host-microbial products
- The behaviour of gut microbial metabolites
- The "INTERMAP" population study
- The "INTERMAP" population study plan
- NMR urine spectra of typical samples
- Geographical metabolic mapping
- MWAS - BMI regression
- Metabolic signatures of human obesity
- 20 most significant NMR-MWAS metabolites
- Metabolite quantification using UPLC-TQMS
- Gut microbial metabolites and blood pressure
- “MetaboNetwork” visualization of biomarker data
- p-cresyl sulphate (4CS) and phenylacetylglutamine
- 4CS and PAG change with age
- Correlations of urinary microbial metabolites
- High-fat diets in BALB/C and C129/S6 mice
- Relative contribution of genetic background & diet
- Microbial metabolites and mammalian genomes
- Life-long caloric restriction in retriever dogs
- Life-long trajectory for caloric restriction in dogs
- Changes with age from baseline
- Changes with caloric restriction
Topics Covered
- The vicious circle of obesity
- Gut microbiota and insulin resistance
- Metabolic phenotyping
- The microbiome in human development
- The "INTERMAP" population study
- Metabolic signatures of human obesity
- Correlations of urinary microbial metabolites
- Relative contribution of genetic background & diet
- Microbial metabolites and mammalian genomes
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Holmes, E. (2016, January 31). Metabolic communication in development and control of obesity 1 [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/TVPM4020.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Elaine Holmes has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Metabolic communication in development and control of obesity 1
Published on January 31, 2016
43 min
Other Talks in the Series: Obesity: Science, Medicine and Society
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello,
my name is Elaine Holmes.
I'm Professor
of Biological Chemistry
at Imperial College, London.
And today,
I'm going to talk about
the metabolic communication
in the development
and control of obesity.
0:13
If we look at the CDC statistics
for obesity in America,
what you can see
is that back in 2010,
already a lot of the southern
half of the United States
were in the situation
where over 30 percent
of the population
had a BMI of 30 or greater,
meaning that they
were clinically obese.
And if you look at this
spread over successive years,
it seems to develop
a little like an infection.
Now, diet obviously plays
a big role and also genetics.
And obesity is linked,
we know, to a lot of diseases,
a lot of comorbidities.
So, for example,
in the lower panel,
if you look at the prediction,
by 2023 in the States
for various diseases,
if we look at type 2 diabetes,
you can see
that we're expecting
54 percent of the population
to have developed
type 2 diabetes by 2023.
So this is a big health problem,
a big socioeconomic problem.
We know that
obesity is also linked
to the developmental
or risk of cancer,
and these are not just cancers
you'd expect to be
linked to obesity
such as liver cancer,
but we're also seeing cancers
like prostate cancer
and leukemia,
there are also rising
in association with obesity.
1:30
So as I said, the obesity maps
closely to various comorbidities
including cardiovascular
disease and stroke,
diabetes and breast cancer.
So here's the map
for obesity in 2010.
If we superimpose the map
of heart disease-related deaths,
this is taken from 2000-2006,
but you can that
it's roughly the same states,
the same distribution
of disease.
Again, if we look at stroke,
what we can see
is that also mirrors
this pattern,
although there's an extra
stroke belt over in the west.
Now, we know that there
are inequalities in obesity,
so non-Hispanic
Blacks are highest
with 47.8 percent of
the population in the US,
having risk of obesity
or developed obesity,
whereas non-Hispanic Asians
are at the lower end
with 11 percent.
Now, somebody
has actually calculated
the annual medical cost
of obesity in the US,
which amounts
190 billion in 2013.
And somebody else
had the time on their hands
to count how many millions
of gallons of fuel per year
it cost to fly overweight
passengers around America,
which was 350 million
gallons of fuel back in 2013,
amounting to $1 billion,
so huge socioeconomic problem.