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0:00
Hello, my name
is John Wilding.
I'm professor of medicine
at the University of Liverpool
and a consultant physician
at Aintree Hospitals
in Liverpool in the UK.
And I have an interest
in treatment of obesity,
particularly, with lifestyle
and also with bariatric surgery.
0:20
We all know that
the prevalence of obesity
has been steadily
increasing in England
as well as around the world
over the past 20 to 30 years,
as is shown in this slide here.
And although we're beginning
to see a leveling off of this,
it is now the fact that
a quarter of the population
are obese and this
results in very significant
health consequences
for the individuals concerned.
0:50
The consequences of obesity
are illustrated in this slide.
These can be broadly
thought of as those that result
in the mechanical consequences
of carrying excess body weight
and these include
problems such as joint pain,
osteoarthritis, breathlessness,
the development
of obstructive sleep apnea,
and for women
who become pregnant,
the increased risk during
childbirth is significant.
And indeed,
in the United Kingdom,
the greatest reason for maternal
mortality is in fact, obesity.
Many people also focus on
the metabolic consequences
of obesity and the number
one consequence here is,
of course, type 2 diabetes,
which is also associated
with an increased risk
of cardiovascular disease.
Non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease,
polycystic ovarian syndrome,
and infertility,
are also more
common in the obese
and it is well recognized
that many cancers,
particularly, those that
are hormone-dependent
such as breast cancer,
endometrial cancer
and prostrate cancer are
also more common in obesity.
The psychosocial consequences
for obesity include depression,
low income,
and body image dysphoria.
It's important to remember
that these
consequences of obesity
are not independent
and, in fact,
interact with each other
to create cycles of causation.
And in many obese individuals,
there are several comorbidities
present in the same individual.
