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Hello, my name is Jenny Hayes,
from the University
of Melbourne.
In today's lecture,
I'll be covering the anatomy
of the thoracic walls,
lungs, and pleura.
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I've included a list of
learning objectives here for
the thoracic walls,
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and here is a list of
learning objectives for
the lungs and pleura.
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The thoracic walls
consist not only of
the thoracic cage and
muscles between the ribs
but also the skin,
subcutaneous tissue,
muscles, and fascia
overlying them.
The subcutaneous tissue contains
the mammary gland anteriorly.
The breast consists
of glandular tissue,
which is the mammary
gland proper,
and that's what secretes milk,
but also fibrous
and adipose tissue
together with blood vessels,
nerves, and lymphatics.
Whilst the size and contour
of the breast vary,
the base is a constant,
and you can see in the
slide, it extends from
the second to sixth ribs
vertically, and from
the lateral border
of the sternum to
the mid-axillary line in
the horizontal plane.
There is a superolateral
extension toward
the axilla, which is
called the axillary tail.
That extension means that
the greatest bulk of
glandular tissue is in the upper
outer quadrant of the breast.
If we divide the breast
tissue into quadrants,
the axillary tail extends from
the upper outer quadrant and
the greatest bulk of
glandular tissue is there.
Which means that the
maximal incidence
of carcinoma occurs in
that upper outer quadrant.
The deep aspect of the breast is
slightly concave
and is related to
the pectoralis major muscle,
which you can see in the slide,
and also the serratus anterior
muscle which is not shown here.
But the breast is separated
from these muscles and
their overlying fascia
by a submammary or
sometimes called retro-mammary
space which contains
loose areolar tissue, and that
allows the breast some
degree of movement.
As you can see in the slide,
the breast shares
the arterial supply,
venous drainage, and
lymphatic drainage
with the thoracic
walls and upper limb.
The medial aspect of
the breast receives
their arterial supply,
and drain into
the internal
thoracic vessels and
the parasternal lymph nodes.
Whilst the lateral
aspect of the breast get
the arterial supply
and venous drainage
from the axillary vessels
or back into the
axillary vessels
and the axillary lymph nodes.
The thoracic cage
consists of 12 pairs of
