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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Outline: classification of nuclear receptors
- Classification of nuclear receptors
- Type I endocrine receptors: characteristics
- Type I endocrine receptors: function
- Type II receptors: characteristics
- Type II receptors: function
- Outline: structure of nuclear receptors
- Domain structure of nuclear receptors
- Outline: functions of nuclear receptors
- Transcription factor function
- SERMs
- Estradiol
- Examples of SERMs: tamoxifen
- Examples of SERMs: raloxifine
- Examples of SERMs: clomid
- Example of a SARM
- OPK-8804
- Outline: receptor mutations
- AR mutations
- Males with androgen insensitivity
- Generation of female AR null mice
- AR knockout mice have decreased fertility
- AR is expressed throughout the HPG axis
- Generation of granulosa cell-specific AR null mice
- Granulosa cell-specific AR knockout mice have decreased fertility
- Androgens are important for female fertility
- Loss of ERα in human females
- Loss of ERα in human males
- Estrogens are important for male fertility, bone development, and metabolism
- TR mutations (1)
- TR mutations (2)
- Thyroid hormone receptors
- Thyroid dysfunction
- The TRβ agonist eprotirome improves hypercholesterolemia
- Outline: acquired resistance to steroids
- Androgens and prostate cancer
- Castration with prostate cancer
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Changes in steroid hormone responsiveness to breast cancer
- Castration-resistant breast cancer
- Outline: extranuclear steroid signaling
- Extranuclear actions of steroids (1)
- Extranuclear actions of steroids (2)
- Extranuclear steroid signals modulate intranuclear steroid signals (1)
- Paxillin is upregulated in prostate cancer
- Transcription factor function
- Extranuclear steroid signals modulate intranuclear steroid signals (2)
- Take-home lessons
Topics Covered
- Classification of nuclear receptors
- Nuclear receptor structure and function
- Mutations of nuclear receptors
- Acquired resistance to steroids
- Extranuclear steroid signaling
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
- Estrogen receptors and their mutations
- Androgen receptor mutations
- Androgens and female fertility
- Thyroid hormone receptors
- Prostate cancer, breast cancer, and nuclear receptors
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Hammes, S.R. (2022, April 28). Steroid and nuclear receptors [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 14, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/TRKR6916.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Stephen R. Hammes has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Female Reproductive System: from Basic Science to Fertility Treatments
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Stephen Hammes.
I'm a physician-scientist,
and I'm the Chief of the
Division of Endocrinology at
the University of
Rochester Medical Center
in Rochester, New York.
Today, I'm going to talk
about nuclear receptors
with a focus on steroid
hormone receptors.
0:17
This is an outline of the talk.
I'm going to start by discussing the
classification of nuclear receptors,
and I'll talk about the
structure of nuclear receptors,
followed by the functions
of nuclear receptors.
I'll then talk about
receptor mutations that
result in abnormal
physiology or disease.
I'll talk about acquired
resistance to steroids,
and finally,
I'll spend a few minutes
talking about extranuclear
or non-genomic
steroid signaling.
The first section is going to be a
classification of nuclear receptors.
0:47
There are a lot of different ways that
you can classify nuclear receptors,
and this is just one of many
that I'm showing on this slide.
The way I'm dividing
it is on the left,
I'm talking about
endocrine receptors,
and on the right,
there's a little bit
about lipid receptors,
and we're really going
to focus on the green,
which are the
endocrine receptors.
This in particular covers most
of the hormone receptors.
that's the steroid
hormone receptors.
These are considered
high-affinity receptors.
They bind to hormonal lipids,
often metabolites
of cholesterol,
and there are two
different types,
Type I and Type II.
Type I is our steroid
hormone receptors that we
usually think about,
estrogen receptors α and β,
progesterone receptor A and B,
androgen receptor,
glucocorticoid receptor
and mineralocorticoid receptor.
These are Type I receptors,
and I'll describe exactly
what that means in a minute.
Then we also have
Type II receptors,
that includes thyroid
hormone receptors α and β
and also vitamin D receptors.
Then there's a third
receptor we put into
this group called the
retinoic acid receptor.
Again, we'll discuss
the differences between
Type I and Type II in
a couple of minutes.
We also have lipid receptors
which are shown on
the right in red.
These are considered
low-affinity receptors.
They bind to dietary lipids and I
listed a bunch of them in Type II.
They're almost all
Type II receptors.
The most famous ones from
this group are the PPARs,
which are involved in
adipocyte biology.
For the points of this talk,
we're really not going to
discuss the lipid receptors.
As mentioned, we're
going to focus
on the green
endocrine receptors.