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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- We live and prosper in a cloud of viruses
- The number of viruses on Earth
- Viruses are not just purveyors of bad news
- HIV genomes on the planet today
- How infected are we?
- Our virome
- Most viruses just pass through us
- We have an amazing immune system
- What is a virus?
- Virus hosts
- Are viruses alive?
- Viruses are very small
- Not as small as we once thought
- Virus replication
- How old are viruses?
- Ancient references to viral diseases
- Immunization
- Concept of microorganisms
- Tobacco mosaic virus
- Virus discovery
- Virus discovery timeline
- The infectious cycle
- Some important definitions
- Growing viruses
- Virus cultivation
- Cytopathic effect
- How many viruses in a sample?
- Plaque assay
- How many viruses form a plaque?
- One step growth experiment
- Physical measurement of virus particles
- Virology breakthrough in the 1950s
- Virus simplicity
- The Baltimore system
- Definitons
- The elegance of the Baltimore system
- The seven classes of viral genomes
- What is encoded in viral genomes?
- Information NOT encoded in viral genomes
- Genetic methods
- Infectious poliovirus DNA
- Virus particle types
- Viruses are amazing!
Topics Covered
- Introduction to virology
- The ubiquity of viruses
- The history of viruses and their discovery
- Definition of a virus
- Interactions between viruses and humans
- Virus cultivation and the infectious cycle
- The seven classes of viral genomes
- The Baltimore scheme
- Genetic manipulation of viruses
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External Links
Talk Citation
Racaniello, V. (2020, April 29). Principles of virology [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WMLG1047.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
A selection of talks on Infectious Diseases
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Welcome to Principles of Virology.
I'm Vincent Racaniello and I am a professor at Columbia University in
New York and I've spent my entire career studying viruses.
0:16
We live and prosper in a cloud of viruses.
Viruses infect all living things on the planet
and humans regularly eat and breathe billions of virus particles daily.
Furthermore, we also carry viral genomes as part of our own genetic material.
0:40
The number of viruses on planet Earth is staggering. Here's an example.
In the world's waters,
there are over 10^30 bacteriophage particles.
A bacteriophage particle weighs about a femtogram.
If you add up all the bacteriophage particles on the planet,
their biomass alone exceeds that of elephants by over a 1000 fold.
This is a particle that you can't even see.
Here's another amazing fact.
If you lined up all of these 10^30 bacteriophages end to end,
they would stretch for a 100 million light years.
That's farther than the nearest galaxy.
Again, the numbers are amazing and these are just bacteriophages.
These are just viruses that infect bacteria.
There are many, many others on the planet as well.
1:33
Most of us think of viruses as purveyors of bad news. It's not true.
Most of the viruses on the planet are in fact beneficial.
Let's take the oceans.
There are more viruses in a liter of coastal seawater than there are people on Earth.
Always find that fact amazing.
If you look in the water at biomass shown in these charts, prokaryotes win out.
They have more biomass than protists or viruses.
But if you look simply at particle abundance,
viruses out number protists and prokaryotes in the waters.
Their numbers are huge,
and these numbers have massive effects.
Viruses in the oceans, for example,
are incredibly important for global cycles.
They are important for the degradation of particulate organic matter and its recycling.