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0:00
Hello. My name is
Kathrin Jansen.
I'm a senior vice
president at Pfizer
responsible for vaccine
research and development.
Today, I will discuss bacterial
vaccines in development.
0:14
Today's lecture is intended
to give you a brief overview of
licensed bacterial vaccines and
some examples of bacterial
vaccines in development,
to discuss key principles of
bacterial vaccine
design and development,
to share with you
some insights in
the R&D efforts to develop
bacterial vaccines,
and I will be using
three examples.
The examples I've chosen
are programs that
my colleagues and I are
working on at Pfizer,
so they are real-life examples
of bacterial vaccine
development.
Specifically, we will
touch on vaccines
in development to
protect against
toxin-mediated diseases.
The example is
Clostridium difficile.
We will touch on vaccines
in development to
protect against a very
complex organism,
the example is
Staphylococcus aureus,
where the disease is mediated by
the bacterium itself and
the virulence factors
that it expresses.
Finally, we will discuss
recently licensed vaccines to
protect a Gram-negative
bacterium,
Neisseria meningitidis,
serogroup B.
1:24
Vaccines to prevent
human bacterial diseases
have been developed
in some form or
another since the 19th century.
Louis Pasteur was
the first to develop
several bacterial vaccines
against fowl cholera,
anthrax, and human cholera.
As you know, Léon Charles
Albert Calmette and
Jean-Marie Camille
Guérin developed
the first vaccine against TB.
Effective antitoxin
antibody preparations
against bacteria
causing diphtheria and
tetanus were produced
by Emil von Behring and
Kitasato Shibasaburu
in the 1930s.
Vaccines against these
bacterial diseases
were developed that have greatly
reduced the morbidity
and mortality
associated with these
bacterial pathogens.
The first polysaccharide
vaccines were introduced in
the 1970s against Haemophilus
influenza Type B,
Neisseria meningitidis, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Over the last decade and a half,
glycoconjugate vaccines
have been developed
for these pathogens
to protect against
the most prevalent strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and Neisseria meningitidis.
These vaccines are significantly
more immunogenic particularly in
young children because
the polysaccharide
conjugate vaccines
induce immune memory.
Vaccines against these
bacterial diseases
have been exquisitely effective
and have saved millions
of lives globally
since their introduction
and widespread use.
Despite these
considerable advances,
however, a lot
remains to be done,
and there are still many
important bacterial pathogens
for which lifesaving vaccines
are not yet available.
