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This presentation will
examine vertebral column and
intervertebral discs
with a focus on
the structure and regions
of the vertebral column,
its key functional roles
in support, movement,
and protection of
the spinal cord,
and the anatomy of
a typical vertebra.
We will also discuss the
intervertebral discs
and their importance in
flexibility and shock absorption.
Finally, we will review
common pathologies
such as herniated discs,
degeneration, and scoliosis,
highlighting their impact on
health and the need
for spinal care.
The vertebral column, also
called the spinal column
or backbone is a central
part of the axial skeleton.
It is made up of 33 vertebrae
divided into cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, sacral,
and coxygeal regions.
The cervical spine has seven
small flexible vertebrae.
Thoracic has 12, each attached
to a rib, lumbar has five,
bearing most of
the body's weight,
sacral consists of
five fused vertebrae
and the coccyx has
four fused vertebrae.
Natural curvatures provide
balance and resilience.
The vertebral column serves
critical functions
in the human body.
Structurally, it is the
central supporting axis,
maintaining upright posture
and supporting the head,
rib cage, and limbs.
It also protects the spinal cord
within the vertebral canal.
Intervertebral foramina
between vertebrae
allow spinal nerves
to pass through,
surrounding muscles
and ligaments,
such as the erector
spinae group,
anchor to the column,
aiding movement,
