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Biomedical Basics

Kidney filtration and nephron function

  • Created by Henry Stewart Talks
Published on February 26, 2026   4 min

A selection of talks on Physiology & Anatomy

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This session centers on kidney filtration and nephron function, including its key components and the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. We will examine how different segments of the nephron and hormones regulate fluid electrolyte and blood pressure balance. The mechanisms of urine concentration and formation will be reviewed, along with how dysfunction in these processes leads to common kidney disorders. Finally, we will highlight the importance of early detection and management of nephron related diseases. The nephron is the kidney's main functional unit, filtering blood and forming urine. Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons. Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle made up of the glomerulus, a capillary ball, and Bowman's capsule, and several tubules, the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. Filtration starts in the glomerulus, where podocytes help filter water and small solutes. The glomerular filtration rate or GFR is typically 125 milliliters/minute in healthy adults. After filtration, the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule, where most reabsorption occurs. About 65% of filtered sodium, water, and key solutes like glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood. The nephrons tubular cells use transporters and channels to retain valuable substances while leaving wastes. Secretion also takes place,

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Kidney filtration and nephron function

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