Hormonal regulation of metabolism

This talk introduces hormonal regulation of metabolism, using it as a basis for further exploration of the hormonal regulation of metabolism, emphasizing the key roles of insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine in maintaining energy balance and homeostasis. We will examine how these hormones control carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism through specific signaling pathways and feedback mechanisms. Lecture will also discuss how imbalances in these hormones lead to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Cushing's syndrome, underscoring the clinical importance of endocrine regulation. Metabolism is under precise hormonal control, enabling the body to adapt to changing nutritional states and environmental demands. Hormones like insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine act as chemical messengers orchestrating metabolic pathways. They regulate energy production and the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins via mechanisms such as G-protein coupled and nuclear receptors ensuring homeostasis. Insulin and glucagon are the main hormones regulating blood sugar. Insulin from pancreatic beta cells in response to high glucose promotes tissue glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis and lipogenesis while inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. It acts via tyrosine kinase receptors