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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Talk outline
- What is chromosome bi-orientation?
- A model of chromosome bi-orientation
- Chromosome bi-orientation and cell division
- Cohesin role during chromosome bi-orientation
- Sister chromatid attachment to microtubules
- The budding yeast as a model for bi-orientation
- Monitoring sister centromeres in yeast
- Metaphase-arrested cell
- Bi-orientation leads to tension
- Special structure of chromatid under tension
- Kinetochore capture - a necessary pre-requisite
- Kinetochore capture in yeast
- Kinetochore capture: yeast vs. metazoans
- Achieving chromosome bi-orientation
- Geometry-dependent mechanism?
- Correction mechanism?
- Yeast Ipl1p kinase
- Chromosomes fail to bi-orient in ipl1 mutants
- Role of Ipl1 in chromosome bi-orientation (1)
- Role of Ipl1 in chromosome bi-orientation (2)
- How might Ipl1p kinase promote bi-orientation?
- Bi-orientation without back-to-back geometry (1)
- Bi-orientation without back-to-back geometry (2)
- Conclusions from mini-chromosomes studies
- Ipl1p - substrates and mechanisms
- The yeast chromosomal passenger complex
- Models for tension-sensing
- CPC and kinetochores in MCD1 mutant
- Targets of Ipl1p kinase at the kinetochore
- Structure of the yeast kinetochore
- The Ndc80 complex
- Ipl1p phosphorylates Ndc80
- DASH/Dam1p complex
- Dam1 alignment - S.cerevisiae vs. S. castellii
- Mutations in Dam1 and their consequences
- Model for Ipl1 function in promoting bi-orientation
- Targets of Aurora B in other organisms
- Other components required for bi-orientation
- Ipl1p, bi-orientation and spindle checkpoint
- Conclusions
Topics Covered
- Chromosome bi-orientation and aneuploidy
- Modes of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules
- The budding yeast as a model for studying chromosome bi-orientation
- Geometry-dependent mechanism of chromosome bi-orientation
- Yeast Ipl1p kinase and chromosome bi-orientation
- The yeast chromosomal passenger complex
- Models for tension-sensing
- The targets of Ipl1p kinase at the kinetochore
- Update talk: Aurora B (Ipl1) kinase promotes error correction
- Update talk: Aurora B and yeast kinetochore structure
- Update talk: Aurora B localisation
- Update talk: Spatial separation model
- Update talk: Additional factors that promote error correction
- Update talk: Microtubule dynamics and Stu2 affect error correction
Talk Citation
Stark, M. and Tanaka, T. (2022, January 30). Chromosome bi-orientation in yeast [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 9, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/JIZP7355.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Mike Stark has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
- Prof. Tomo Tanaka has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Update Available
The speaker addresses developments since the publication of the original talk. We recommend listening to the associated update as well as the lecture.
- Full lecture Duration: 53:40 min
- Update Duration: 14:09 min
A selection of talks on Cell Biology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Michael Stark, and in my presentation I'm going to tell you
about chromosome bi-orientation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
0:13
There are three main topics that I'd like to cover in my presentation.
The first one is what chromosome bi-orientation is, and why it's important.
Then I would like to go on to discuss the mechanisms that
ensure that chromosome bi-orientation occurs.
Finally, I will move on to consider how the mechanisms that ensure chromosome
bi-orientation are themselves regulated.
We'll be focusing principally on work from the budding yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the model system in which many of these
mechanisms have been established.
0:53
Firstly, what is chromosome bi-orientation and why is it important?
1:00
Early in the cell division cycle,
each chromosome is present as a single unreplicated copy.
In yeast, for most of the cell division cycle,
chromosomes are attached to microtubules.
The point of attachment to the microtubule is termed the 'kinetochore',
this is a protein complex that is assembled on the centromeric region of each chromosome.
The microtubules are nucleated from the spindle pole bodies.
During the replicative phase each chromosome is duplicated,
but the two copies (which are termed 'sister chromatids') remain firmly associated,
held together by protein complexes called cohesin.
After replication, the critical thing for ensuring faithful segregation of
each chromosome is that the two sister chromatids
must become attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles.
This is what we term 'chromosome bi-orientation'.