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In this talk, the focus is Anatomy of
the Heart, supported by
coverage of the structure
and function of the heart,
including its chambers,
valves, and layered walls.
We will examine how the heart’s
specialized conduction system
coordinates each heartbeat and
ensures efficient blood flow.
The lecture will outline
the pathway of blood through
the heart, emphasizing the importance
of valves and coronary blood supply.
Finally, we will touch
on how disruptions in
these systems can lead
to serious cardiovascular conditions..
The heart is a muscular organ,
about the size of your fist,
located in the middle mediastinum of
the thoracic cavity and
enclosed by the pericardium.
It has four chambers: two atria,
which receive blood, and two
ventricles, which pump blood out.
The right side sends blood to
the lungs, while the left
sends oxygenated blood to the body.
The septum divides the sides.
Pectinate muscles are in the atria, and
trabeculae carneae are in the ventricles.
The heart's apex points downward
and to the left, whereas the base
lies superiorly and posteriorly,
where the great vessels enter and exit.
The heart has four valves that maintain
unidirectional blood flow
and prevent backflow:
tricuspid (between the
right atrium and ventricle),
mitral (between the left
atrium and ventricle),
pulmonary (between the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery), and aortic
(between the left ventricle and aorta).
These passive valves open and close
due to pressure differences
during the cardiac cycle.
Papillary muscles and
chordae tendineae prevent
