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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Biology & pathogenesis of paramyxoviruses
- Paramyxoviruses are one of the most contagious viral pathogens that infect humans
- Classification of paramyxoviruses
- Nipah and Hendra virus
- Nipah and Hendra virus: risk group 4 select agents
- Metagenomic studies
- Evidence for henipavirus spillover
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), 2024–2026
- Characteristic features of paramyxoviruses (1)
- Canine distemper virus (CDV)
- RNA editing of the P gene
- P-derived gene products (V, W, C) are classical PMV IFN-antagonists
- Examples of interferon antagonism
- Characteristic features of paramyxoviruses (2)
- Paramyxovirus life cycle
- Characteristic features of paramyxoviruses (3)
- Structure of fusion protein (F) and receptor binding protein (RBP)
- Receptor binding protein (RBP)
- PIV5 HN example
- Fusion is mediated by the F protein: class 1 fusion protein
- Models for paramyxovirus fusion activation
- Syncytia formation (NiV-F/RBP)
- Lack of antigenic drift in paramyxoviruses compared to other RNA viruses
- PMV envelope genes are highly constrained and intolerant to transposon insertions
- Paramyxovirus receptors
- Species-specific CD150
- Henipavirus receptor usage & pathogenesis
- Concordance of ephrin-B2 expression pattern with known cellular tropism of Nipah virus
- All henipaviruses use ephrin-B2, some use ephrin-B3
- Receptor tropism and Nipah virus pathogenesis (1)
- Receptor tropism and Nipah virus pathogenesis (2)
- EFNB2 and EFNB3 expression in tissues
- Summary
Topics Covered
- Classification of paramyxoviruses
- Nipah and Hendra virus -Characteristic features of paramyxoviruses
- Interferon antagonism
- Paramyxovirus life cycle
- Fusion protein (F) and receptor binding protein (RBP)
- Models for paramyxovirus fusion activation
- Paramyxovirus receptors
- Receptor tropism and Nipah virus pathogenesis
Links
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External Links
Talk Citation
Lee, B. (2024, August 29). Paramyxoviruses: biology & pathogenesis [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/CSHO1592.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
A selection of talks on Infectious Diseases
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is Benhur Lee.
I'm a professor of
Microbiology at
the Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai.
Today, we're going to talk
about paramyxoviruses,
their biology and
pathogenesis with
a special emphasis
on Nipah virus,
a dangerous and
virulent pathogen
that you'll hear about today.
0:25
Set the stage. This
is the outline
of the topics I'll
cover in today's talk.
I will start with
an introduction
to put the paramyxoviruses
in context.
Then I'll talk briefly about
the zoonotic nature
and virulence of
Nipah virus which belongs to
a group of viruses
called Henipavirus.
Then I will mention
the general
characteristic features
of paramyxoviruses and
in so doing talk
about the targets
for therapeutic interventions
and drug development.
Lastly, I will end with talking
about Henipavirus
receptor usage,
how it gets into
certain cells and
how that is related
to its pathogenesis.
1:12
To put it in context,
paramyxoviruses are one of
the most contagious viral
pathogens that infect humans.
As you can see from
the table below,
these are the various diseases
that most people may have
heard of and we
think that you know
the immediately past pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 was quite bad
and scientists characterize how
contagious an agent
is by the R_0 value.
This is the basic
reproductive number which
quantifies the contagiousness or
transmissibility of
infectious pathogens.
As you can see down there
at the bottom of the list,
SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2
are about 2-5.
The big 1918 pandemic
influenza is also about 2-5.
Ebola that was all over the
news was only about 1.5-2.5.
But looking at measles
and mumps, which are
the prototypical paramyxoviruses
that most people have heard
of have extremely
high R_0 values.
In fact, measles
was thought to be
the most contagious
viral pathogen that we
know of and that's why we study
paramyxoviruses and
especially Nipah.
Currently, Nipah
virus has an R_0 of
less than one which means that
it's likely not to
result in an epidemic.
But if it ever evolves
to have a high R_0,
we would be in big
trouble because
Nipah viruses are much more
deadly than measles and mumps.