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Bacterial Cell Biology
and Growth Kinetics.
I am Dr. Sanchita
Mitra, MD microbiology,
working as a consultant
microbiologist
at LV Prasad Eye Institute,
Hyderabad, India.
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Bacteria Anatomy and
Types of Microbes.
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Microbes are microscopic
organisms composed
of single cells or a
cluster of cells ubiquitous
in their presence and
are too tiny to be seen
by the naked eye unless
they form a colony.
Microbes are either prokaryotes,
eukaryotes, viruses
or prion proteins.
Prokaryotes are
mainly characterized
by their small cell size and
absence of nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotic cells measure
in the range of 0.2 to 2 μm
in diameter and 1
to 6 μm in length.
Usually, a single nucleus
arranged as a circle
in bacterial cells lies
freely in the cytoplasm,
and the region where it lies
is called the nucleoid.
Membrane-bound organelles
are usually absent,
with only some bacteria
possessing such
membrane-bound structures
like chromatophores.
Prokaryotes include
different kinds of bacteria,
like gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria,
mycoplasma, chlamydia
and spirochaetes.
Eukaryotes are characterized
by large cell size,
double layered nuclear membrane
surrounding the nucleus
and membrane-bound
cell organelles like
mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosomes
and chloroplasts.
Eukaryotes include algae,
protozoa, fungi and slime molds.
