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1. Introduction to biochemistry
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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2. Amino acids and peptides
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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3. Protein structure principles
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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4. Observed protein structures
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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5. Protein folds and IV structure
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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6. Protein stability and folding
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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7. Haemoglobin structure and stability
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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8. Enzyme specificity and catalysis
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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9. Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten)
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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10. Enzyme inhibition; chymotrypsin
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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11. Enzyme regulation and coenzymes
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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12. Lipids, biomembranes and membrane proteins
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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13. Structure and function of carbohydrates
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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14. Metabolism principles
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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15. Glycolysis - energy and useful cell chemicals
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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16. Glycolysis control
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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17. Metabolism of pyruvate and fat
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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18. Urea cycle; oxidative phosphorylation 1
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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19. Urea cycle; oxidative phosphorylation 2
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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20. Light-driven reactions in photosynthesis
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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21. Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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22. Synthesis of lipids and N-containing molecules 1
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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23. Synthesis of lipids and N-containing molecules 2
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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24. Hormone mechanisms
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Lecture outline
- Biosynthesis ≡ Anabolism
- Gluconeogenesis
- Gluconeogenesis: 1st bypass of glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis: bypassing the rest of glycolysis
- Notes on glucose synthesis
- In brief: glycogen synthesis
- Synthesis in photosynthesis
- The 3 stages of the Calvin cycle
- First stage: fixing CO2 in the active site of Rubisco
- Second stage: reduction of 3-PG
- Third stage: regeneration of R-1,5-BP
- Summary of hexose synthesis in photosynthesis
- Lecture summary
Topics Covered
- Anabolism
- Gluconeogenesis vs. glycolysis
- Substrate cycling
- Calvin Cycle step by step
Links
Series:
Categories:
Talk Citation
Feigenson, G.W. (2022, November 27). Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WCMH6723.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Gerald Feigenson has no commercial/financial relationships to disclose.
Request access to the Principles of Biochemistry lecture series, an extensive introductory to the field of biochemistry. An HSTalks representative will contact you with more information about this series and getting unrestricted access to it.
A selection of talks on Cell Biology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Greetings. Welcome to this Principles of Biochemistry lecture series.
I am Jerry Feigenson,
a professor in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
at Cornell University in the USA.
Welcome to the 20th lecture.
In the 19th lecture,
you learned the possible fates of light energy after a photon is
absorbed and you learned the roles of chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments.
The events at the photosynthetic reaction centers create a gradient,
mainly a gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane.
That gives rise to synthesis of ATP.
0:46
In this 20th lecture,
we'll talk about metabolism of molecular synthesis and that's called anabolism.
We will compare the anabolism of glucose synthesis, gluconeogenesis to glycolysis.
We'll look briefly at the concept called 'substrate cycling'.
Then we will look at the Calvin Cycle and the anabolic reactions of photosynthesis.
1:17
Now we'll talk about anabolism, biosynthesis.
Until now, we've looked at metabolism that we call bioenergetics.
How sugars, fats, amino acids,
are oxidized to yield ATP.
Then we looked at how the energy in sunlight produces ATP and NADPH.
Now we'll talk about biosynthetic pathways and the pathways that
we will study are those for synthesis of carbohydrates,
then synthesis of lipids and finally,
synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules.
We'll start with glucose synthesis, gluconeogenesis.
Now you see some pictures here of glucose.
But let me tell you some interesting facts about glucose.
The brain and nerves use about 3/4 of the body's glucose.
Brain and nerves do some gluconeogenesis,
but no fat synthesis and they store essentially no fat.
Red blood cells, actually, mature red blood cells.
They only have a plasma membrane and they have cytosol and they store no fat.
Mature red blood cells exclusively use glucose and glycolysis for energy needs.
Skeletal muscle cells do store fat and do use glucose.
We have enough glucose stored in our body as
glycogen for about a half day's energy needs.
So the body must continuously synthesize glucose.
About 90% of all new glucose synthesis -gluconeogenesis - occurs in the liver.
The other 10% occurs in kidney, muscles and nerves.