The role of nutrition in the management of peanut allergy

Published on July 31, 2023   41 min

A selection of talks on Immunology & Inflammation

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0:00
Hello my name is Carina Venter. I'm an Allergy Specialist Dietitian and today we will be discussing the Role of Nutrition in the Management of Peanut Allergy.
0:12
For the overview of the slides and the presentation, we will focus on nomenclature and really how we define different kinds of food allergies and then we will talk about the dietary management of food allergy with an emphasis on peanut allergy, talking about the elimination phase, the diagnostic phase, and then the management phase.
0:35
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or NIAID, defines a food allergy as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food. What that basically means is that we cannot be allergic to peanuts one day, the next day be able to eat some peanuts or half a bar of Snickers and then the day afterwards again being peanut allergic. So, it means that we're allergic to the food and every time we eat the food we will get a reproducible reaction. Although the reaction may not be exactly the same every time, sometimes it may be hives, another time it could be rashes, another time it may be acute vomiting followed by abdominal pain and few hives. It's important that we understand the differences between IgE and non-IgE-mediated food allergies.
1:31
On this slide and the next few slides I will explain the differences between IgE and non-IgE-mediated food allergies. Food allergies in the umbrella term can be divided into IgE-mediated food allergies. These really are the food allergies where we get symptoms within two hours of consuming the food but most often it would really happen within a few minutes, even a few seconds. The bigger umbrella of food allergies are referred to as the non-IgE-mediated food allergies. These are divided into food protein-induced enterocolitis, other forms of known IgE mediated food allergies which we most often see in the gastrointestinal clinics, not so much in allergy clinics such as enteropathies. We also get use in eosinophilic esophagitis and mild to moderate non-IgE mediated food allergies primarily and triggered by cow's milk consumption in young infants. And so where does the peanut allergy fall into all of this? The peanut allergy is predominantly associated with IgE mediated food allergies. We may eat peanut butter or we may have a smoothie with peanut flour in it and within two hours we have some types of hives or streaming eyes like we would call rhinorrhea. It's very rarely seen in food protein-induced enterocolitis, although it has been reported. It has also been reported in using eosinophilic esophagitis but it is not one of the major triggers of these types of food allergies.

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The role of nutrition in the management of peanut allergy

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