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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Outline
- The principle of randomization
- History of randomization
- Randomized clinical trials
- Why randomization?
- Randomization helps avoid bias
- Unknown factors
- Randomization prevents confounding
- Blinding
- Tossing a fair coin is not enough
- Tossing a fair coin introduces imbalance
- Imabalance decreases the power of statistical test
- Blocking improves balance
- How blocking improves balance
- Block size permutations
- Blocking and block sizes
- Stratifying important prognostic factors
- Blocking and strata
- Adaptive randomization
- Efron’s biased coin design
- Urn-based randomization
- Pólya urn - play the winner
- Implementation of randomization
- Summary
Topics Covered
- Clinical trial design
- Randomization
- Blinding
- Imbalance
- Blocking
- Stratification
- Adaptive randomization
- Urn-based randomization
Talk Citation
Liu, H. (2017, October 31). Adaptive clinical trial design: randomization [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 21, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/BVXP3347.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Hao Liu has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Adaptive Clinical Trial Design
Transcript
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0:00
Hello. This is Hao Liu.
I'm going to talk about randomization
for the course called Adaptive Clinical Trial Design.
0:11
First this is an outline of the lecture,
we're going to talk about,
why is randomization important?
We're going to discuss several techniques
to limit imbalance when you do randomization.
And then, we're going to talk about block and stratifications.
And then, the fourth part is that we're going to briefly discuss adaptive randomization.
0:38
The principles of randomization.
Randomization is a fundamental feature of scientific investigation.
It's very important in the conduct of randomized clinical trials. Actually in the US,
it's also very important to do randomization in
animal experiments and the NIH, the National Institution of Health,
have new guidelines on reproducibility;
It demands randomization to be implemented in any animal experiment.
Randomization techniques are also widely used in experiments in
areas such as agriculture, where you can do randomized experiments, too.
But the most widely used randomization techniques are
in randomized clinical trials with human subjects.
In these situations, the randomized clinical trials, face many complex issues.
In particular, ethical considerations has to be carefully thought-through.
History of randomization.