Registration for a live webinar on 'Innovative Vaccines and Viral Pathogenesis: Insights from Recent Monkeypox Research' is now open.
See webinar detailsWe noted you are experiencing viewing problems
-
Check with your IT department that JWPlatform, JWPlayer and Amazon AWS & CloudFront are not being blocked by your network. The relevant domains are *.jwplatform.com, *.jwpsrv.com, *.jwpcdn.com, jwpltx.com, jwpsrv.a.ssl.fastly.net, *.amazonaws.com and *.cloudfront.net. The relevant ports are 80 and 443.
-
Check the following talk links to see which ones work correctly:
Auto Mode
HTTP Progressive Download Send us your results from the above test links at access@hstalks.com and we will contact you with further advice on troubleshooting your viewing problems. -
No luck yet? More tips for troubleshooting viewing issues
-
Contact HST Support access@hstalks.com
-
Please review our troubleshooting guide for tips and advice on resolving your viewing problems.
-
For additional help, please don't hesitate to contact HST support access@hstalks.com
We hope you have enjoyed this limited-length demo
This is a limited length demo talk; you may
login or
review methods of
obtaining more access.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the response of its host
-
2. The pathogenesis of tuberculosis
- Dr. William R. Bishai
-
3. Immune response and rational development of vaccines and biomarkers
- Prof. Dr. Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
-
4. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis
- Dr. Daniela Cirillo
- The epidemiology of tuberculosis
-
5. The basic epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB)
- Dr. David Dowdy
-
6. Global epidemiology of TB
- Dr. Philippe Glaziou
-
7. Social determinants of tuberculosis
- Dr. Knut Lönnroth
- The control of tuberculosis
-
8. Treatment of tuberculosis
- Dr. Jean-Pierre Zellweger
-
9. The End TB Strategy towards TB elimination 1
- Dr. Mario Raviglione
-
10. The End TB Strategy towards TB elimination 2
- Dr. Mario Raviglione
-
11. Financing TB care and control
- Dr. Christopher Fitzpatrick
- Dr. Andrea Pantoja
-
12. Tuberculosis and COVID-19
- Prof. Giovanni Battista Migliori
-
13. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): an update
- Dr. Simon Tiberi
-
14. Impact of HIV on tuberculosis in the developing world and how to manage it
- Prof. Anthony D. Harries
-
16. TB in children
- Prof. Ben J. Marais
-
17. Community engagement in tuberculosis care
- Ms. Lana Syed
-
18. India: the epicentre of global TB control
- Dr. Madhukar Pai
-
19. Community engagement in TB care
- Dr. Haileyesus Getahun
- Research and development for new approaches in the control of tuberculosis
-
20. Development of new regimens for tuberculosis
- Dr. Zhenkun Ma
-
22. Pharmacometrics in tuberculosis
- Prof. Charles A. Peloquin
-
23. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
- Dr. Scott Heysell
-
24. The role of surgery in tuberculosis management
- Dr. Richard Zaleskis
- Archived Lectures *These may not cover the latest advances in the field
-
25. The development of current treatments for tuberculosis
- Dr. Andrew Nunn
-
26. The pathogenesis of tuberculosis
- Dr. William R. Bishai
-
27. Basics of tuberculosis epidemiology
- Prof. Frank Cobelens
-
29. The international approach to the control of tuberculosis
- Dr. Mario Raviglione
-
30. Public-private mix for TB care and control
- Dr. Mukund Uplekar
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Discovery of M . tuberculosis
- Web of causation
- Pathology of pulmonary TB
- TB transmission
- Children are rarely infectious
- Paths of infection
- Epidemiology in Cape town
- Data from Masiphumelele
- Increasing TB/HIV burden
- TB - age and gender shift
- Millennium development goals
- Why bother about child TB?
- Lung disease in Zambian children
- M. tb. in children with CAP
- Under 5 mortality in Kolkata, India
- TB is not listed as under 5 child mortality cause
- Global agencies and child TB
- World-wide burden of TB
- Understanding the history and risks of TB
- Natural history of TB
- TB moves to the periphery of the lung
- The lung macrophages
- Movement of TB in the lung
- Age related risk
- Time related risk
- Diversity of disease
- Ghon focus
- Complicated Ghon focus
- Lymph node manifestations
- Lymph node disease AP
- Cardiac catheterization
- Lymph node disease: lateral view
- Complicated lymph node disease
- TB caseating or expansile pneumonia
- Pleural effusion
- Disseminated disease
- Adult type disease
- Different age related patterns
- TB cervical lymphadenitis
- Diagnosing TB
- Mantoux method
- T-cell assays
- New kits
- TST versus T-cell assays
- Bacteriologic confirmation
- Bacteriologic yield is variable
- Diagnostic advances
- Value of symptoms
- Disease diagnosis
- Well defined cough
- Radiology
- Prevention and treatment
- Natural history of BCG vaccination
- BCG IRIS
- INH preventive Rx
- IPT in children
- Current WHO recommendations
- TB in infants in relation to HIV
- Impact of ART on child TB
- Death rate with early vs. deferred ART
- TB prevention - conclusion
- TB treatment
- Main objectives in TB Rx
- TB deaths in England and Wales
- Current first-line regimen
- Why does the treatment take so long?
- Doses of 1st-line TB drugs
- Drug resistant TB
- Thank you
Topics Covered
- Disease burden/Epidemiology
- Natural history of disease
- Disease spectrum
- Diagnosis
- Prevention and management
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Marais, B.J. (2013, October 7). TB in children [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/RSPA3157.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Ben J. Marais has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
TB in children
Published on October 7, 2013
39 min
A selection of talks on Infectious Diseases
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Welcome, this talk will provide a general overview of childhood Tuberculosis.
0:07
Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882 and proved, through his now famous Koch's postulates, that this organism was indeed the cause of tuberculosis.
The DOTS strategy that was developed to control the global TB epidemic relied heavily on sputum smear microscopy.
To be able to see the organisms under the microscope, like Koch did, requires at least 10,000 organisms per/ml of sputum.
Unfortunately, this excluded most children from care.
Young children are unable to expectorate.
While most children have pauci-bacillary disease and never reach these high organism loads.
0:50
Although Koch demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a necessary cause of disease, we know that it is not sufficient.
Globally, up to a third of the world's population is infected.
But very few of these people ever develop clinical tuberculosis.
There are multiple factors that influence individual vulnerability, as demonstrated in this web of causation.
At a global level, poverty and HIV, are probably the two factors that are most important.
1:22
This picture demonstrates the gross pathology of pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult lung.
You can see multiple areas of caseating necrosis depicted in cavity of the lung apex.
This cavity provides the perfect environment for M.tuberculosis to grow and multiply.
You can see how the cavity communicates directly with the airway, allowing an escape route for the organism.
Tuberculosis is spread by aerosol transmission.