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1. Introduction
2. hBD2's chemotactic effect and receptor
3. DCs' activating effect of beta-defensin-2
4. Alarmins recruit and activate APC
5. Definition of DAMPs
6. Antimicrobial proteins act as alarmins
7. Mechanism of action of alarmins: granulysin
8. Granulysin activates DCs by TLR4
9. Anti-granulysin blocks the DC-activating effect
10. NK92 supernatant activates DCs by TLR4
11. No endotoxin contamination in granulysin effect
12. Alarming effects of granulysin
13. Why study HMGN1?
14. HMGN1 induction of DC recruitment
15. HMGN1 induces phenotypic maturation of DCs
16. HMGN1 induces functional maturation of DCs
17. HMGN1 promotes Th1-OVA immune response
18. HMGN1 acts like a cytokine
19. HMGN1 induced multiple signaling pathways
20. DCs activation was MyD88 and TRIF -dependent
21. HMGN1 activation of DCs was TLR4 -dependent
22. HMGN1 expressed in insect cells was active
23. Synthetic peptide of HMGN1 activates DCs
24. HMGN1 interacts with MD2
25. HMGN1 behaves like a non-leukocytic cytokine
26. Hmgn1 KO mice can't produce cytokines
27. Hmgn1 KO mice have deficient immune response
28. How Hmgn1 promotes immune responses (1)
29. How Hmgn1 promotes immune responses (2)
30. KO mice show reduced leukocytes recruitment
31. HMGN1 derived from non-leukocytes
32. EG7 tumor grew rapidly in Hmgn1 KO mice
33. HMGN1-induced DC signaling and activation
34. HMGN1 is a key alarmin
35. Alarmin-TAA fusion induces anti-tumor immunity
36. Potent Th1/Th2 polarizing alarmins
37. Alarmin-like/DAMP's
38. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Definition of Alarmins and Damps
• History of discovery that antimicrobial peptides such as Beta Defensins recruit and activate immune cells engaged in host defense
• Identification of other antimicrobials such as granulysin and nuclear binding factors, e.g. HMGN1, as also acting as alarmins that activate receptors on host cells
• Proposal to use some alarmins as vaccine adjuvants

Links

Series:

• Cytokines

Categories:

• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Oppenheim, J.J. (2011, December 5). Receptor identification for alarmins and DAMPs [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/NZYK4018.
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Publication History

• Published on December 5, 2011

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. Joost J. Oppenheim has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.