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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of ARO in Hospitalised Patients
- The EARSS
- Proportion of MRSA Isolates, Europe 2008
- Vancomycin-Resistant E. faecium Isolates
- Vancomycin Resistance in E. faecium, E. faecalis
- Proportion of Ceph.-Resistant E. coli
- Proportion of Ceph.-Resistant K. pneumoniae
- Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)
- C. difficile - the NAP1b/027 Strain (1)
- C. difficile - the NAP1b/027 Strain (2)
- Study - Bloodstream Infections in a Liver ICU
- Organisms Isolated in the Study
- Antibiotic Resistances Identified in the Study (1)
- Antibiotic Resistances Identified in the Study (2)
- Why Control ARO in Hospitals?
- Strategy for Control of ARO in Hospitals
- Risk Factors for Colonisation or Infection (1)
- Other Risk Factors
- ARO Transmission and Bed Occupancy
- Risk Factors for CDAD
- Interventions for Reducing ARO Transmission
- Surveillance of ARO
- Active Surveillance for ARO: Screening
- PCR-Based MRSA Screening
- Decolonisation of Carriers
- Passive Surveillance for ARO
- MRSA Infection - King's College Hospital
- Infection Control Reports -SPC Charts
- Surveillance Data Is Widely Disseminated
- Infection Control Scorecards for Care Givers
- Infection Control Policies
- Hand Decontamination
- Hand Hygiene - Methods to Increase Compliance
- Effects of the Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Campaign
- Standard vs. Contact Precautions
- Cohorting and Isolation of Colonised Patients
- Hospital-Based Education
- Outbreak Management
- A Guide for Molecular Strain Typing Methods
- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
- DNA Fingerprints - Carbapenem-Resistant Strains
- Environmental Measures
- Control Measures for MDROs
- Antibiotic Use: Selection of ARO (1)
- Antibiotic Use: Selection of ARO (2)
- Adaptive Mutation Conferring Resistance
- Resistance Mediated by Acquisition of Enzymes
- Antibiotic Use: Acquisition of ARO
- Antibiotic Use: Spread of ARO
- Antibiotic Formulary Changes and VRE
- Antibiotic Restriction: Cephalosporins
- Antibiotic Restriction: Quinolones
- Antibiotic Cycling
- Duration of Therapy - Effect on Resistance
- Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance
- 12 Steps to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance
- National Initiatives: UK
- 5 Year MRSA Bacteraemia Reduction
- Annual C. difficile Cases
- Multiply Resistant Acinetobacter Spread
Topics Covered
- Epidemiology of antibiotic resistant organisms (ARO) in hospitalised patients
- European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS)
- MRSA, E. faecium and E. coli isolates in different countries
- Resistance to vancomycin
- Extended spectrum beta-lactamases
- Significant bacteraemias by organism
- Why control ARO in hospitals?
- Strategy for control of ARO in hospitals
- Interventions effective in reducing transmission of ARO in hospitals
- Infection control reports
- Environmental measures
- Antibiotic use
- Antibiotic restriction
- Antibiotic cycling
- National initiatives
Links
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Talk Citation
Eltringham, I. (2015, July 24). Controlling antibiotic resistance in the hospital environment [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/OCJH5830.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Ian Eltringham has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Controlling antibiotic resistance in the hospital environment
A selection of talks on Microbiology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
This talk is titled Controlling Antibiotic Resistance in the Hospital Environment.
My name is Dr. Ian Eltringham,
and I'm a Medical Microbiologist and Infection Control doctor,
working at a large teaching hospital in London.
In this talk, I will aim to describe
the problem of antibiotic resistance in a healthcare setting,
and explore ways of controlling it.
Brief references are provided to encourage students
to access some source data where appropriate.
0:29
Surveys of antibiotic resistance have shown
wide temporal and geographic variation in antibiotic-resistant organism rates.
For instance, MRSA was first described in the UK in 1961,
but the first clinical isolates in the United States were not seen until 1968.
Typically, rates vary between healthcare institutions,
clinical specialties, and even between individual wards within a given hospital.
The highest rates are usually seen in critical care facilities,
and among immunocompromised patients,
but much depends on the age of the population being studied.
For instance, point prevalence studies conducted by
the United States Pediatric Prevention Network in
2002 showed MRSA colonization in less than 4% of pediatric ICU patients,
whereas 10 to 24% carried ceftazidime
or aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacilli.
This contrasts sharply with a 2003 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance data,
which shows 60% of Staph aureus isolate from adult ICU patients to be MRSA.
In the same study, the percentage of enterococcal isolates from ICUs that were
resistant to vancomycin was 28.5%.