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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Plasmodium species
- The malaria parasites of man
- Plasmodium which infect humans in the tropics
- Malaria can be confused with other diseases
- Life cycle 1: Infected vector bites
- Sporozoites injected by female anopheles
- Life cycle 2: Liver stage divides
- Cultured pre-erythrocytic schizont of P. berghei
- Life cycle 3: Invasion of RBC
- Diagram of an infected RBC
- Life cycle 4: Growth of schizont in RBC
- Life cycle 5: Division of schizont
- Cycles of fever during malaria infection
- Life cycle 6: Pre-sexual stage develops
- P. Falciparum gametocytes and early trophozoites
- Life cycle 7: Pre-sexual stages enter vector
- Life cycle 8: Maturation of gametes
- Life cycle 9: Mobile fertilised ovum
- Life cycle 10: Growing oocysts on mid-gut
- Life cycle 11: Sporozoites enter salivary gland
- Beginning of another cycle
- Outline of the full life cycle of the malaria parasite
- Malaria: the problem
- Climatic and seasonal constraints on malaria
- Time for maturation and mean temperature
- Stable vs. unstable malaria
- Splenomegaly in children in a stable malaria region
- Malaria control
- Human biting catch
- Periodic drainage
- Urban malaria
- Anopheles gambiae breeding in a cow's footprint
- Killing Anopheles adults
- Pyrethroid-impregnated bed-net
- Morbidity and mortality control
- Malaria diagnosis using microscopy
- How does the infection persist?
- Life cycle 1a: Dormant hypnozoite in liver
- Liver sections with P. vivax: schizont & hypnozoite
- Malignant tertian malaria
- P. falciparum pre-schizont
- Hemozoin crystals
- Iron atom of hematin can generate free radicals
- 2 iron atoms detoxified by binding to oxygen
- Falciparum malaria (1)
- Falciparum malaria (2)
- Illustration of cytoadherence through PfEMP1
- Pregnancy and malaria
- Innate immunity to malaria
- RBC enzyme deficiencies, protein polymorphisms
- Acquired immunity
- Recent publications of interest on vaccines
Topics Covered
- Malaria parasites of man
- Species of Plasmodium
- Life cycle of malaria
- Malaria: the problem
- Climatic and seasonal constraints
- Stable and unstable malaria
- Malaria control: transmission and morbidity
- Prevention of man/mosquito contact
- Prompt diagnosis and drug treatment
- How does the infection persist?
- P. vivax and P. Ovale
- Hematin
- Falciparium malaria
- Malaria in pregnancy
- Innate immunity to malaria
- RBC enzyme deficiencies
- Acquired immunity
- Vaccines
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Warhurst, D. (2010, October 31). Introduction to malaria [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/CGAY1348.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. David Warhurst has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Infectious Diseases
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
This is going to be an introduction to malaria and just to
what it is, where it occurs, and why it's there.
0:09
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, which is a member of the Apicomplexa.
Apicomplexa are characterized by having one or more invasive stages,
which can enter a cell, where the organism multiplies.
Then they have an arrangement for burrowing into cells.
The actual invasive stage is able to
move along surfaces and actually get into a cell and live inside it.
0:41
Transmission of malaria parasites is indirect
via the definitive host, which is a vector mosquito.
The reservoir for transmission is man,
the intermediate host, and so this is an anthroponosis.
This is except for Plasmodium knowlesi,
which has been shown recently to be fairly
widespread in Borneo for instance,
which is malaria acquired from a monkey reservoir,
obviously through a mosquito, but this is actually a zoonosis—
not very widespread at the moment.
Plasmodium has an asexual and sexual life cycle
and is mainly haploid.
The asexual stages of schizogony in the liver of the human
are seen after the bite of a mosquito.
Merozoites from actively growing and dividing liver schizonts
invade red cells to give dividing schizonts in a continuous erythrocytic cycle.
Dormant liver hypnozoites are present in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.
They are responsible for relapses.
The immature sexual stages in the blood are ingested in the blood-meal
by the female mosquito and they mature into
male and female gametes in the mosquito's stomach.
And then the sporogonic cycle—sporogony starts by the syngamy—
that's the fusion of the gametes in the mosquito--
meiosis, and multiple divisions of the zygote to give infective sporozoites,
which infect the liver of the next human.