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1. Introduction
2. Adaptive immune response
3. Th1 and Th2 cells in immune regulation
4. Testing Th1 and Th2 differentiation
5. IL-4 and IL-12 for the development of T cells
6. Th1/ 2 existence in humans originally doubted
7. Exemplifying the controversy
8. Cytokines regulate the development of Th1/2 cells
9. Th1/2 paths of differentiation and commitment
10. Th2 pathway
11. IL-12 and Th1 are required for resistance to MTb
12. Role of TNF in controlling MTb infection in humans
13. Regulation of IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells
14. The IL-12 family
15. IL-12 versus IL-23 in antimicrobial responses
16. IL-12 and IFN-gamma in infection and pathology
17. IL-23 is the critical cytokine for EAE pathology (1)
18. Immunized cells expressing different cytokines
19. IL-23 is the critical cytokine for EAE pathology (2)
20. Th1 and ThIL-17
21. Confirmation of IL-23 and IL-12 roles in immunity
22. TGF-beta
23. Summary of CD4 T cells differentiation pathways
24. TGF-beta requirement for TH-17 development (1)
25. TGF-beta requirement for TH-17 development (2)
26. The different T cell subsets
27. Importance of regulating inflammatory responses
28. IL-10 production and function
29. Foxp3 regulatory T cells
30. The discovery of IL-10
31. B cells produce IL-10 and can stimulate Th1 cells
32. IL-10: an anti-inflammatory cytokine
33. IL-10 limits the immune response
34. Role of IL-10 in immune responses
35. Differentiation of IL-10 producing T cells
36. In vivo peptide antigen tolerization protocol
37. Results from the repeated administration of antigen
38. Tolerance induction by soluble antigen
39. TCR- transgenic transfer model for tolerance
40. Effect of IL-10 neutralization and LPS presence
41. IL-10 knockout versus Foxp3 knockouts
42. IL-10 production - summary
43. Complexity of the immune response
44. Innate immune response
45. TLR dependent and independent induction of IL-10
46. Cytokines limit immunopathology
47. IL-10 suppresses the immune response to MTb
48. Summary
49. Outstanding questions
50. Future thinking

Topics Covered

• Th1 and Th2 cells in immune regulation
• Th1 and Th2 differentiation
• Intracellular pathogens
• Cytokines regulate the development of Th1 and Th2
• IL-12 and Th1 responses are required for resistance to mycobacterial infections
• MTb infections in humans
• The IL-12 family
• IL-23
• TGF-beta
• Inflammation is required to eradicate pathogens but can lead to host damage
• IL-10 production and implications for function of the immune response
• Cytokines limit immunopathology: a penalty is chronic infectious disease

Links

Series:

• Innate Immunity

Categories:

• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on May 31, 2009
• Archived on May 28, 2025

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Anne O’Garra has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.