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Tissue damage control confers
host tolerance to infection.
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Resistance versus
tolerance to infection.
It is now well established
that there are two host offense
strategies against pathogenic
microorganisms and parasites.
It can be divided into two
conceptually different components.
The first is resistance
to infection.
This is a defense strategy
that protects the infected host
by reducing its pathogenic burden.
Resistance is a function of
the immune system, which works
by detection,
neutralization, destruction,
or expulsion of pathogens.
Tolerance to infection is a second
host defense strategy that reduces
the negative impact of
infection on host fitness,
as does resistance to infection.
Unlike resistance to
infection however, tolerance
does not affect directly
pathogen burden.
Rather, tolerance limits host
susceptibility to tissue damage
or other fitness costs caused
either directly by pathogens
or indirectly by the immune
response against them.
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Tolerance to infection
and tissue damage control.
Infectious diseases reflect the
extent of cell, tissue, organ,
or system damage caused
directly by pathogens
or indirectly by the
host immune response
elicited by those pathogens.
Host protective strategies
that limit the severity
of infectious diseases must
incorporate mechanisms that limit
the extent of cell, tissue, organ,
and ultimately, system damage.
We'll refer to those mechanisms
as tissue damage control.
