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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Diversity of animals
- How does diversity arise?
- Development and generation of new morphologies
- From egg to organism
- Use of model species in genetic studies
- Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
- Normal fly vs. Ubx mutant
- Homeosis and homeotic
- Homeotic (Hox) genes
- Protein distribution of 4 Hox genes in a fly embryo
- Phenotype of Hox genes mutants
- Ubx expression pattern in Drosophila (1)
- Ubx expression pattern in Drosophila (2)
- Changes in Ubx expression in a mutant
- The central dogma
- Activity of regulatory DNA
- Conservation of homeotic genes
- Ubx mutants resemble other insects (1)
- Ubx mutants resemble other insects (2)
- Phylogenetic tree of insects
- Wings evolution in insects
- Three hyphotheses for Ubx evolution in insects
- Ubx expression pattern in different insects
- Ubx expression pattern in butterfly wings
- Forewings differ from hindwings in insects
- Manipulation of Ubx expression in butterflies
- Change in Ubx targets (1)
- Change in Ubx targets (2)
- Crustaceans
- Artemia
- Homeotic genes in Artemia
- Ubx expression pattern in Artemia
- Triops
- Crayfish
- Appendages morphology in mysid shrimp
- Scheme of Crustaceans diversity
- Possibility of homeotic transformation
- Ubx expression pattern in Mysidium
- Lobster
- Periclimenes
- Appendages evolution and Ubx expression
- Parhyale hawaiensis (beach scud)
- Characteristics of Parhyale hawaiensis
- Parhyale development
- Parhyale Hox expression domains (1)
- Parhyale Hox expression domains (2)
- Changing Ubx expression domains in Parhyale
- Wild-type vs. siRNA knockdown of Ubx
- Knockdown of Ubx gene using siRNA (1)
- Knockdown of Ubx gene using siRNA (2)
- Changing Ubx expression in Parhyale: conclusion
- What is responsible for the shift in Ubx expression
- Control of Hox genes expression in flies
- Hb represses Ubx
- Trans changes
- Cis changes
- Understanding Ubx expression in Crustaceans
- Transformation of Parhyale
- Understanding Ubx evolution (1)
- Understanding Ubx evolution (2)
- Results if "trans" evolution is correct
- Results if "cis" evolution is correct
- Hox genes and diversity: conclusion
- Potential role of Hox genes in vertebrates evolution
- Summary
- Acknowledgements (1)
- Acknowledgements (2)
Topics Covered
- Role of homeotic (Hox) genes in morphological evolution
- Arthropod evolution
- Crustacean appendages
- The role of gene regulation in evolution
Links
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Talk Citation
Patel, N. (2018, May 31). The evolution of morphological novelty [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/RBYY7412.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Nipam Patel has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
The evolution of morphological novelty
A selection of talks on Genetics & Epigenetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Nipam Patel and I'm a professor
at the University of California at Berkeley.
I'm going to speak today about
the evolution of morphological novelty.
0:10
This slide just shows a little bit of the incredible
diversity that we see in animals around us today.
Scientists have long been fascinated in how this
diversity has come about through evolution,
and I'm going to talk today a little bit about
our understanding nowadays about how some of this
diversity has come to be.
0:28
Scientists have understood that this diversity comes
about both at the level within populations, so
on the left, for example,
you see a group of butterflies.
These butterflies are actually
all of the same species, but
they show incredible diversity at a morphological
level, in this case, in their coloring, and
on the right you see diversity at
a larger distance between species.
We see a leech, an elephant, a bird and
a millipede and again this illustrates
the incredible diversity that we have in organisms.
0:55
What we've come to understand is that if we examine
the molecular and genetic details of development,
that is, how embryos go from an individual
fertilized egg into the final adult organism,
then we can understand development in enough
detail to begin to ask how developmental
changes actually generate new morphologies,
and this is an exciting field in science.
1:20
In this slide we see a single egg on the left hand
side and all eggs of most animals look very similar,
but of course, differences in how they
develop lead to incredible differences in
the final organism that results, so
here we see an elephant, a human and a butterfly.
So how is it that this comes about?
This has been a question now that we've been
addressing in a variety of labs in a variety
of ways.