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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Diversity of animals
- How does diversity arise?
- Development and generation of new morphologies
- From egg to organism
- Use of model species in genetic studies
- Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
- Normal fly vs. Ubx mutant
- Homeosis and homeotic
- Homeotic (Hox) genes
- Protein distribution of 4 Hox genes in a fly embryo
- Phenotype of Hox genes mutants
- Ubx expression pattern in Drosophila (1)
- Ubx expression pattern in Drosophila (2)
- Changes in Ubx expression in a mutant
- The central dogma
- Activity of regulatory DNA
- Conservation of homeotic genes
- Ubx mutants resemble other insects (1)
- Ubx mutants resemble other insects (2)
- Phylogenetic tree of insects
- Wings evolution in insects
- Three hyphotheses for Ubx evolution in insects
- Ubx expression pattern in different insects
- Ubx expression pattern in butterfly wings
- Forewings differ from hindwings in insects
- Manipulation of Ubx expression in butterflies
- Change in Ubx targets (1)
- Change in Ubx targets (2)
- Crustaceans
- Artemia
- Homeotic genes in Artemia
- Ubx expression pattern in Artemia
- Triops
- Crayfish
- Appendages morphology in mysid shrimp
- Scheme of Crustaceans diversity
- Possibility of homeotic transformation
- Ubx expression pattern in Mysidium
- Lobster
- Periclimenes
- Appendages evolution and Ubx expression
- Parhyale hawaiensis (beach scud)
- Characteristics of Parhyale hawaiensis
- Parhyale development
- Parhyale Hox expression domains (1)
- Parhyale Hox expression domains (2)
- Changing Ubx expression domains in Parhyale
- Wild-type vs. siRNA knockdown of Ubx
- Knockdown of Ubx gene using siRNA (1)
- Knockdown of Ubx gene using siRNA (2)
- Changing Ubx expression in Parhyale: conclusion
- What is responsible for the shift in Ubx expression
- Control of Hox genes expression in flies
- Hb represses Ubx
- Trans changes
- Cis changes
- Understanding Ubx expression in Crustaceans
- Transformation of Parhyale
- Understanding Ubx evolution (1)
- Understanding Ubx evolution (2)
- Results if "trans" evolution is correct
- Results if "cis" evolution is correct
- Hox genes and diversity: conclusion
- Potential role of Hox genes in vertebrates evolution
- Summary
- Acknowledgements (1)
- Acknowledgements (2)
Topics Covered
- Role of homeotic (Hox) genes in morphological evolution
- Arthropod evolution
- Crustacean appendages
- The role of gene regulation in evolution
Links
Series:
Categories:
Talk Citation
Patel, N. (2008, September 29). The evolution of morphological novelty [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://hstalks.com/bs/991/.Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Nipam Patel has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
The evolution of morphological novelty
Other Talks in the Category: Reproduction & Development
Transcript
0:00
Hello, my name is Nipam Patel and
I'm a professor at the University
of California at Berkeley.
I'm going to speak today about
the evolution of morphological novelty.
0:10
This slide just shows a little bit of
the incredible diversity that we see in
animals around us today.
Scientists have long been fascinated
in how this diversity has come about
through evolution, and
I'm going to talk today a little bit about
our understanding nowadays about how
some of this diversity has come to be.
0:28
Scientists have understood that this
diversity comes about both at the level
within populations, so on the left, for
example, you see a group of butterflies.
These butterflies are actually all of
the same species, but they show incredible
diversity at a morphological level,
in this case, in their coloring, and
on the right you see diversity at
a larger distance between species.
We see a leech, an elephant,
a bird and a millipede and
again this illustrates the incredible
diversity that we have in organisms.
0:55
What we've come to understand is
that if we examine the molecular and
genetic details of development, that is,
how embryos go from an individual
fertilized egg into the final adult
organism, then we can understand
development in enough detail to begin to
ask how developmental changes actually
generate new morphologies, and
this is an exciting field in science.
1:20
In this slide we see a single
egg on the left hand side and
all eggs of most animals look
very similar, but of course,
differences in how they develop lead
to incredible differences in the final
organism that results, so here we see
an elephant, a human and a butterfly.
So how is it that this comes about?
This has been a question now that we've
been addressing in a variety of labs in
a variety of ways.