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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Fertility and infertility
- Infertility - definition
- Causes of infertility
- Distribution of infertility
- Human fertility
- Human fertility: ideal, reality and infertility
- Physiology of normal male fertility
- Normal spermatogenesis
- Loci involved in normal spermatozoa development
- Endocrinology
- Endocrinology: sertoli cells and ABP
- When is a man considered infertile?
- When would a man be infertile?
- Evaluation of an infertile male
- History
- Clinical examination
- Investigations
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- Leeuwenhoek's illustration of sperm
- Semen analysis
- Spermatozoa concentration
- Sertoli cells
- WHO manuals
- Progressive reduction of reference values from 1980
- Semen parameters - quantification
- Variability of spermiogram
- Data from Chettinad Super Speciality Hospital
- Limitations of current definition
- Spermatological diagnosis
- Evaluation of an oligozoospermic male
- Investigations
- Leucocytospermia
- Conclusion
- Variations of FSH values
- Asthenozoospermia
- National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2013
- Immotile spermatozoa
- Variation in motility of the spermatozoa
- Absolute asthenozoospermia
- Teratozoospermia
- Sperm morphology
- Surgical management
- NICE guidance
- Summary - OATS
- Medical management - male infertility
- Specific drug therapy
- Medical management - past and present
- Medical management - oligozoospermia
- Genital tract infection
- Antioxidants in oligozoospermia
- Assisted reproductive technology in male infertility
- Reality check
- Take home message…
- Azoospermia
- Azoospermia: CSSH data
- Obstructive azoospermia
- Non-obstructive azoospermia
- Obstructive azoospermia - conditions
- Non-obstructive azoospermia - conditions
- Aspermia
- Spermatozoa function tests
- Vasovasostomy/vaso-epididymal anastomosis
- Sperm retrieval
- Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA)
- MESA
- MESA: results
- Macrosurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MAESA)
- MAESA
- Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA)
- Epididymal sperm aspiration
- Vasal sperm aspiration: indications
- Vasal sperm aspiration: technique
- Sperm retrieval from the bladder
- Retrograde ejaculation: causes
- Retrograde ejaculation: suggested management
- Sperm retrieval from the bladder (SPERB): principle
- SPERB: technique
- SPERB
- SPERB: a simple, non-invasive technique
- Sperm retrieval from the testes (SPERT)
- SPERT: technique
- SPERT
- SPERT or TESE (1)
- SPERT or TESE (2)
- Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE)
- MicroTESE
- MicroTESE: microsurgical testis biopsy
- Fine needle aspiration of spermatozoa (FNAS)
- FNAS
- CSSH data
- Clinical pregnancy rate in study population (N=47)
- Descriptive analysis of live birth in study population
- Comparison of source of sperm collection and outcomes (N=47)
- Comparison of type of azoospermia and outcome
- Fresh vs. frozen spermatozoa and outcome
- SPERT CSSH data (2008-2017)
- Algorithm for management of male infertility
- Prevention of male infertility
- Fertility preservation
- Alternatives
- Future
- Summary and conclusions
- Male infertility - where are we?
- Thank you
Topics Covered
- Causes of infertility in men and women
- Diagnosing male infertility
- Semen analysis: uses and limitations
- Spermatological diagnosis
- Medical and surgical management
- Sperm retrieval techniques
- Algorithm for management
- Prevention of male infertility
- Fertility preservation
Links
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
External Links
Talk Citation
Natarajan, P. (2023, October 31). Male infertility - an overview [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 14, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/YPDL2662.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
A selection of talks on Reproduction & Development
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Welcome. Good day and
greetings to you.
I'm Professor Dr.
Pandiyan Natarajan,
chief consultant in andrology
and reproductive sciences
at Apollo 24/7 and
NOVA IVF Fertility.
I have recently
concluded my tenure
at Chettinad Super
Specialty Hospital
and I am now holding the
position of Professor Emeritus
at the Tamil Nadu Dr.
MGR Medical University.
0:25
The prevailing trend
suggests a perception
of declining fertility and
increasing infertility.
While there are arguments both
in favor of and
against this notion,
the available evidence is
not definitively conclusive.
A clear consensus
regarding the decline
in fertility or the rise
in infertility is lacking.
0:44
Infertility is typically defined
as the inability to
achieve conception
after a year of consistent
unprotected sexual activity.
It's worth noting that
multiple definitions
of infertility exist,
including clinical, demographic,
and epidemiological
perspectives.
Recently, there has been scrutiny
surrounding the applicability
of this one year time
frame to all age groups.
Additionally, this definition
does not precisely outline
what constitutes regular
unprotected intercourse.
The term regular
remains ambiguous.
Is it once, weekly,
monthly, or daily?
This vagueness can
significantly impact
the probability of
achieving pregnancy.
Various definitions
of infertility exist,
each with its limitations.
1:31
Referencing a study
conducted in the UK,
the distribution of
infertility causes
is depicted in this slide.
Male factors contribute
to 30% of cases,
while female factors
account for 45%.
Within female factors,
tubal issues contribute to 20%
and ovulatory disorders to 25%.
Unexplained infertility
contributes 25%.