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1. Introduction
2. Principles of ingestive peptides
3. Obesity trends among U.S. adults
4. Obesity as a disease
5. Obesity has significant medical consequences
6. Body weight regulation
7. Diseases and conditions altering appetite
8. Algebra of body weight
9. New concepts on hormonal regulation
10. Connection between the gut and the brain
11. Peptides in brain and intestine
12. A modern view of body weight control
13. Blood to brain penetration
14. Discovery of a mutation leading to obesity
15. Discovering the leptin protein
16. Leptin feedback loop
17. Leptin levels are high in obesity
18. Common form of obesity and leptin resistance
19. Correlation of serum and CSF leptin levels
20. Does "resistance" occur at the BBB?
21. The BBB
22. A classic experiment
23. The CNS remains unstained
24. Three modifications produce the BBB
25. The BBB has a specific transport for leptin
26. Correlation of serum and CSF leptin levels - human
27. Correlation of serum and CSF leptin levels - mice
28. Whole brain perfusion ratios in mice on a log scale
29. Example of similar relations
30. The system is saturated at high leptin serum levels
31. Leptin signals adequate nutritional reserves
32. What are our ancestral levels of leptin?
33. Leptin levels can be measured in wild animals
34. Lower leptin levels in animals living the wild
35. Wild baboons in a more western lifestyle
36. A wild baboon living in the jungle
37. A wild baboon who feeds from garbage
38. Levels of leptin in the two groups of baboons
39. Medical diagnosis in wild baboons
40. Leptin resistance and modern life style
41. BBB leptin resistance in animal models of obesity
42. Results from the obesity of maturity model
43. 70% decrease in obese mice leptin transport rate
44. Inhibition of leptin transport across the BBB
45. BBB defects are reversible
46. Evidence for regulation of the leptin transporter
47. A substance in blood impairs leptin transport
48. What factor is released in starvation and obesity?
49. Triglycerides in blood inhibit leptin transport
50. Triolein inhibits leptin transport
51. Manipulating serum triglycerides by diet
52. Gemfibrozil affect leptin transport
53. Triglycerides inhibit labelled leptin transport in vitro
54. Conclusion of triglycerides and leptin
55. Why does leptin resistance develop in obesity?
56. Circuitry during normal feeding and starvation
57. Fat produces and acts upon many substances
58. Other substances that affect feeding
59. Broad categorical order in the digestive peptides
60. Anorectic and orexigenic peptides
61. Peptides produced by peripheral tissues and CNS
62. Different categorization for substances
63. Cost/benefit analysis in searching for food
64. How ingestive peptides are inter-related?
65. MSH inhibit feeding, Agouti stimulates feeding
66. Agouti polymorphisms and POMC mutants
67. Syndecans in feeding and fasting
68. Ghrelin peptide
69. Active form of ghrelin is octanoylated
70. Leptin and ghrelin actions review
71. Ghrelin is episodically released
72. Ghrelin has high uptake across hippocampus BBB
73. Ghrelin promotes LTP generation
74. Ghrelin enhances learning and memory
75. Conclusions

Topics Covered

• Ingestive peptides
• Transport across the blood-brain barrier
• Relation to obesity
• Control of transporter and implications for body weight control
• Ghrelin and its relation to the blood-brain barrier and body weight control

Links

Series:

• The Blood-Brain Barrier

Categories:

• Metabolism & Nutrition
• Neuroscience

Therapeutic Areas:

• Cardiovascular & Metabolic
• Neurology

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on March 1, 2008

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. William Banks has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.