0:00
Hello!
My name is
Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg.
I am a professor
at the Karolinska Institutet
in Stockholm, Sweden.
And I will talk to you
about Pharmacogenomics.
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The personalized
medicine era is coming,
and it's very important
to individualize the drug therapy
to comply with the genetics
and the conditions
of the individual patient.
The most important variables
to take into consideration
are the genetic variation
where genes encoding,
drug metabolism,
drug transport, and drug targets
vary between individuals.
By knowing the differences
between two individuals
in the gene composition,
we can adjust the drug dosage
and the choice of the drug
to comply with the requisites
by the patient in question.
Other parts
of the personalized medicine
to take into consideration
are the epigenetic variation,
also which is very important
is drug interactions.
People taking many drugs
simultaneously
cannot be aware of that
they interact with each other
and make complications
in the drug treatment.
An example of that is exerted by
adverse drug reactions.
Personalized medicine
has also to take into account
the health factors of the patient,
particular pathophysiology,
the patient's BMI,
the age, the lifestyle.
The gender is not very important
for drug therapy differences.
And there are some differences,
but they are not as large
as the other variables
that are important for
personalized medicine.
To monitor the changes
and the situation
in a particular patient,
we can take biomarkers
from blood, tissues, etc...
and measure somatic mutations
coming from the tumors
or other kinds of
circulating biomarkers
that give us a view
of the situation in the patient.
