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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Redox signaling versus oxidative stress responses
- Physiological redox signaling
- Oxidative stress responses
- A little history of redox signaling
- Signaling by endogenously generated H2O2
- Regulated sources of H2O2
- Nox and DuOx complexes
- Regulated sources of lipid hydroperoxides
- Nitric oxide
- H2O2 as a second messenger
- Catalase
- Glutathione (GSH) structure
- Glutathione in peroxide metabolism
- Thioredoxin in peroxide metabolism
- Mammalian signaling pathways in which H2O2 participates (a partial list)
- ADP stimulation of PTP1B glutathionylation
- Specificity to PTP1B
- Oxidation of the thiol form
- Oxidation of the thiolate form
- PTP inactivation – dogma
- How & when does the thiolate get oxidized in a protein
- Reduction of H2O2 using GSH
- Reduction of hydroperoxides using thioredoxin
- Zinc: an alternative to protonation
- Protein kinase C (α and β)
- Proposed targets of S-glutathionylation
- Proposed enzymes for catalysis of S-glutathionylation
- Exchange between thiols
- What glutathionylates signaling proteins?
- Glutaredoxin signaling
- The relay system
- The sulfenic acid problem
- Sulfenyl amides
- Thiol-disulfide exchange
- GAPDH as an information hub?
- Thank you!
Topics Covered
- Principles of redox signaling
- Physiological redox signaling versus oxidative stress responses
- Signaling by endogenously generated H2O2
- NOX complexes and superoxide production
- H2O2 as a second messenger
- Glutathione (GSH) in peroxide metabolism
- Thioredoxin in peroxide metabolism
- Glutathionylation
- Oxidation of the thiol form
- Sulfenyl amides
Links
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Talk Citation
Forman, H.J. (2023, January 31). Principles of redox signaling [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/ZCVI3350.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Henry Jay Forman has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Biochemistry
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
I'm Henry Jay Forman,
an emeritus professor at both
the University of
California Merced
and the University of
Southern California.
0:13
This lecture will involve
differentiating between redox
signaling that is part
of normal physiology
and responses to
oxidative stress.
Redox signaling is part
of normal physiology.
As such,
it depends upon regulated
enzymatic activities
rather than
non-enzymatic oxidation.
In contrast,
signaling that occurs in
response to oxidative stress
begins with non enzymatic oxidation
of cellular constituents.
When we model redox signaling
with exogenous oxidants,
we must be aware of this
fundamental difference.
We may be studying chemistry
that can occur in cell culture,
but would be extremely
unlikely in vivo.
1:03
Redox signaling is regulated
by enzymatic activities.
Production of superoxide
and hydrogen peroxide is
by NADPH oxidases and
mitochondrial complexes.
Removal of superoxide
and hydrogen peroxide
is by antioxidant enzymes.
Oxidation of signaling
proteins has specificity
that is largely determined by
the kinetics of thiol oxidation.
Redox signaling is
regulated by agonists.
just as is most signaling.
Generation of oxidants
in metabolism
is regulated by cellular
maintenance requirements.
Basal redox signaling
in cells is regulated
by both agonist-induced
signaling
and metabolic requirements.