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1. Introduction
2. Contents
3. Contents: nucleic acid basics
4. RNA vs. DNA
5. Cytosine deamination
6. Contents: nucleic acid cytosine deaminases
7. Human AID/APOBEC family mermbers
8. AID/APOBEC family members in vertebrates
9. Are all AID/APOBECs DNA mutators?
10. Effect of expressing some APOBECs in E.coli
11. Hottest spots for deamination in E.coli apoB
12. Contents: retrovirus restriction
13. Human cells contain anti-retroviral factor
14. Model for HIV restriction by APOBEC3G (A3G)
15. GFP-based assay for retroviral infectivity
16. APOBEC3G inhibits retroviral infection
17. Retroviral restriction by A3G and A3F
18. Strand-specific retroviral hypermutation
19. Cumulative effect of A3F and A3G
20. A3G and A3F are broadly (co-) expressed
21. HIV vif counteracts A3G > A3F
22. Mechanism of A3G inhibition by HIV-1 Vif
23. Model for retroelement restriction
24. Summary of part 3
25. Contents: endogenous retroelement restriction
26. Human APOBEC family members- A3G and A3F
27. Alternative APOBEC3 (A3) function?
28. Effect of APOBECs on endogenous retroelements
29. Can APOBEC3 inhibit yeast Ty1?
30. Ty1 retrotransposition assay
31. A3G and A3F inhibit Ty1 retrotransposition
32. How do A3G and A3F restrict Ty1?
33. Human A3s inhibit Ty1 and other retroelements
34. Summary of part 4
35. Contents: non-LTR retroelement restriction
36. Human APOBEC family members - Apobec3
37. Differential localization of human A3s
38. Transposable elements in the human genome
39. Replication strategies of L1 and LTR-retroelements
40. LINEs replication
41. L1s destabilize genomes and cause disease
42. L1 transposition assay
43. Can A3B inhibit L1 retrotransposition?
44. A3B and A3F inhibit L1 retrotransposition (1)
45. A3B and A3F inhibit L1 retrotransposition (2)
46. HIV restriction by HA-tagged constructs
47. A3B deaminase activity is not required
48. Retrotransposed L1 DNA accumulation
49. Model for how A3F & A3B inhibit L1 transposition
50. Residues 65-190 of A3F & A3B are 96% identical
51. A3F appears strongly expressed in human testes
52. A3 inhibits transposable elements in human
53. Summary of part 5
54. Contents: a unifying hypothesis
55. The hyphothesis and evidence supporting it
56. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Nucleic acid basics
• AID-related APOBEC3 proteins are DNA cytosine deaminases
• Retrovirus (e.g. HIV and MLV) restriction by APOBEC3 proteins
• Endogenous retroelement (e.g. Ty1 and L1) restriction by APOBEC3 proteins
• Multifunctionality of AID in diversifying antibody genes and in restricting retroelements

Links

Series:

• Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutic Agents

Categories:

• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Harris, R. (2007, October 1). Innate immunity to retroelements by human AID/APOBEC3 proteins [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved May 29, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/TLQI5093.
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Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007
• Archived on May 28, 2025

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Reuben Harris has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.