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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- What is blood?
- What are the functions of blood?
- What is 'artificial blood'?
- Are OTAs currently available?
- Why do we need OTAs?
- 2019 US National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS)
- 2019 NBCUS: blood donations vs. transfusions
- 2019 NBCUS: decreasing donations, increasing transfusions
- 2019 NBCUS: age of those donating blood
- Why do we need OTAs: disaster events
- Why do we need OTAs: risks of blood transfusion
- Infectious disease risk vs. noninfectious disease risk
- Why do we need OTAs: patients who cannot be transfused
- Why do we need OTAs: military applications
- Perfluorocarbons and Hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers
- Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): first described 1966
- PFCs: structure
- PFCs
- Problem with PFCs: they're hydrophobic
- PFCs: first generation (Fluosol-DA)
- PFCs: Fluosol-DA clinical trials
- PFCs: Fluosol DA-20 FDA withdrawal
- PFCs: second generation
- Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier (HBOCs)
- Hemoglobin: porphryin ring with heme group
- Hemoglobin structure
- Methemoglobin structure: oxidized Fe3+ state
- Thalassemias: altered alpha- and beta-globin ratios
- Sickle cell hemoglobin structure
- Fetal hemoglobin structure
- HBOCs: oxygen-heme binding
- Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
- Hemoglobin toxicity
- HBOCs: first generation
- HBOCs: second generation
- Hemopure (HBOC-201)
- Sanguinate
- Hemopure: an example of use
- Future considerations
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Blood composition
- Function of blood
- Hemoglobin structure
- Artificial blood
- Oxygen therapeutic agents (OTAs)
- Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
- Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs)
- Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
Talk Citation
Friedman, M.T. (2024, May 30). Artificial blood: a review of its history, approaches, and future aspects [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 7, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/CWKZ8119.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
Artificial blood: a review of its history, approaches, and future aspects
Published on May 30, 2024
26 min
A selection of talks on Haematology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
The title of this talk
is Artificial Blood.
By way of introduction,
my name is Dr. Mark T. Friedman,
Medical Director of the
Transfusion Service and
Associate Professor of Pathology
at NYU Langone Health,
Grossman NYU Long
Island School of
Medicine in Long
Island, New York.
0:20
What is blood? Blood is
a complex body fluid that is
composed of four
main constituents.
Red blood cells, which we
also call erythrocytes.
White blood cells or leukocytes.
These consist of
the granulocytes,
the lymphocytes
and the monocytes.
Platelets, also known
as thrombocytes.
Plasma, which is the liquid
portion of the blood.
0:48
What are the functions of blood?
Blood has many functions.
It transports oxygen,
carbon dioxide,
nutrients, hormones
and waste products.
It regulates body temperature.
It regulates fluid, electrolyte,
and acid-base balances
that's pH balances.
It functions in coagulation
to halt bleeding
and fibrinolysis,
that is clot breakdown
after hemostasis,
and it acts in
inflammatory and immune
functions to fight infections.
1:22
What is artificial blood,
which is the title of
this talk after all.
Essentially, artificial blood
or blood substitutes are
synthetic oxygen
carriers that are
designed to increase
tissue oxygenation.
Therefore, they do not replace
all functions of blood.
They are more correctly termed
oxygen therapeutic agents.
That is because again,
they do not replace all the
functions of the blood,
only the tissue
oxygenation component.
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