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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Stem cells overview
- Structure of an ovariole
- How to study stem cells and their daughters
- Bag of marbles
- Ectopic expression of bam leads to GSC loss
- Stem cells respond to changes in niche activity
- The GAL4/UAS system of gene expression
- Dpp pathway in drosophila
- Overexpression of dpp expands GSC population
- Germline cells in dpp-induced tumors
- GSC loss in dpp pathway mutants
- Clonal analysis in drosophila
- Downstream components of dpp pathway
- Lost GSCs are replaced
- Dpp signaling is normally restricted to GSCs (1)
- Dpp signaling is normally restricted to GSCs (2)
- Gbb also influences GSCs
- Promoter analysis of bam gene
- Defining a silencer element in the 5’ UTR of bam
- Mad and Med bind to the bam SE
- Model for dpp silencing of bam
- Mechanisms that limit Dpp signal transduction (1)
- Mechanisms that limit Dpp signal transduction (2)
- Mechanisms that limit Dpp signal transduction (3)
- Limiting dpp signaling: model
- Extrinsic mechanisms for limiting dpp signaling
- dally encodes a glypican
- Disruption of dally
- Overexpression of dally
- Involvement of the rhomboid homolog Stet
- Stet predicted to cleave and release EGF ligands
- Triple knockout of EGF ligands in germline
- Loss of Stet/EGF signaling affects Dpp signaling
- Dpp vs. dally expression in Stet mutants
- Jak/Stat pathway and Dpp signaling in the niche
- Jak/Stat pathway in Drosophila
- Disruption of Jak/Stat signaling
- Overexpression of the upd2 ligand
- Lsd1 as a transcriptional repressor
- Lsd1 mutants have germline defects
- Germline clones of Lsd1∆N
- RNAi knock-down of Lsd1
- Bam expression in Lsd1 mutants
- Inducing Bam expression in Lsd1 mutants
- dpp transcripts accumulate in Lsd1 mutant ovaries
- Lsd1 mutants have expanded dpp signaling
- dpp-RNAi in ECs suppresses the Lsd1 phenotype
- Proposed model: Lsd1 represses dpp expression
- Adherens junctions in Drosophila
- DE-Cadherin and Arm
- Removal of shg in GSCs
- DE-Cadherin and Arm anchor GSCs in niche
- Competition for the niche
- Competition requires E-Cadherin (1)
- Competition requires E-Cadherin (2)
- Competition requires E-Cadherin (3)
- Adherens junctions hold GSCs in niche
- Summary
- References
Topics Covered
- Lineage tracing
- Stem cell niches
- Germline stem cell niche in ovary
- Germline stem cell niche in testis
- Dedifferentiation
- Stem cell signaling back to the niche
- Intestinal stem cells
- Stem cell chromatin
- Update interview: How ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation impact germ cell differentiation
- Update interview: Function of the differentiation factor bag of marbles (bam)
- Update interview: Chromatin factors
- Update interview: Nuclear lamina
- Update interview: DNA damage
- Update interview: Niche signaling
- Update interview: Regulation of niche size
- Update interview: Single cell RNA-seq studies
Links
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Talk Citation
Buszczak, M. (2021, April 25). Legacy of drosophila genetics: female germline stem cells [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 14, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/OHHP8952.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Michael Buszczak has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Update Available
The speaker addresses developments since the publication of the original talk. We recommend listening to the associated update as well as the lecture.
- Full lecture Duration: 45:43 min
- Update Interview Duration: 26:40 min
Legacy of drosophila genetics: female germline stem cells
A selection of talks on Reproduction & Development
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Micheal Buszczak and I am a member of
the Department of Molecular Biology at the UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
As part of the Legacy of Drosophila Genetics series,
I will present a lecture on drosophila stem cells.
The study of drosophila stem cells and their associated niches have greatly
influenced our understanding of stem cell biology across tissues and across species.
These studies span well over a decade and were carried out by many different groups.
I'll present published work and cite the appropriate references along the way.
It is important to note that many other interesting discoveries have been
made through the study of other drosophila stem cell population,
such as those found within the testis.
However, in the interest of time,
I will focus here on the adult germline stem cells of the drosophila ovary,
and describe the insights that have emerged through
the careful study of this one stem cell model.
0:49
A stem cell, pictured here in green,
can be defined as a cell that undergoes self-renewing divisions.
When a stem cell divides,
it forms two daughters.
One will remain a stem cell,
while the other can differentiate,
represented here by the red cell,
or it can remain a stem cell depending on the cellular context that it finds itself.
Stem cells are vitally important for the development of
multicellular organisms and for proper tissue homeostasis,
particularly in tissues that experience a high rate of cell turnover such as the skin,
intestine or hematopoietic system.
One of the central paradigms in stem cell biology is the idea that in vivo,
stem cells often reside in specialized micro-environments called niches.
The stem cell niche concept was first proposed by Schofield in
1978 as a model to explain observations made in the mammalian hematopoietic system.
However, because of the difficulty of observing
mammalian stem cells at single-cell resolution in vivo,
the experimental underpinnings of the niche model had been largely developed by
studying invertebrate models such
as the one that will be described throughout this lecture.
Simply defined, niches are formed by specialized groups of cells,
pictured here in blue, that produce factors that
keeps stem cells in an undifferentiated state.
Niches create asymmetries within tissues so that when a stem cell divides,
any daughter that remains within this niche,
retains its stem cell identity,
while daughters displaced away from the niche differentiate.