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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- What is evolutionary medicine?
- Medicine and evolutionary biology
- The growth of evolutionary medicine
- Traits need two kinds of explanation
- Natural selection
- All modern domestic dogs are descendants of the gray wolf
- Selection shapes adaptations
- Apparent maladaptation
- Tinbergen's 4 questions
- Timbergen's 4 questions, organized
- The paradox
- Amazing perfection
- Crude imperfection
- A new question
- The usual question
- The evolutionary question
- Darwin made two discoveries
- Phylogeny and adaptation
- Two distinct areas of evolutionary medicine
- The phylogenomic half of evolutionary medicine
- Homo sapiens phylogeny
- Tracing human origins
- TB in the New World from seals
- COVID-19 origins
- Selection for TB protection in cities
- The inability to digest milk as an adult
- Strep mutans and carbohydrates cause cavities
- Why natural selection left us vulnerable to disease
- Explaining disease vulnerability
- Why did natural selection leave us vulnerable?
- Explanations for vulnerability
- Mutations
- Apo E4
- Developmental variation
- Species-wide vulnerabilities
- Wrenching transitions: to bipedality
- Wrenching transitions: cognitive/social niche
- Schizophrenia from the transition to the cognitive-social niche
- Older alleles increase risk, newer alleles decrease risk
- Scurvy
- Why billions of years for complex organisms to emerge?
- Infection: we are vulnerable because…
- Antibiotic resistance
- Death from drug-resistant infections
- Take every pill in the bottle?
- Revised recommendation
- Cancer: why aren't we protected?
- Peto's Paradox proves strong selection against cancer
- Reproductive patterns are different now
- Cancer and somatic evolution
- Adaptive cancer therapy
- Cancer vs. aging: the telomere trade-off
- Atherosclerosis
- Atheroma
- Coronary disease in the Tsimane
- Obesity and diet
- Autoimmune diseases increasing
- C-section increases risks
- Multiple sclerosis
- Helminths protect against multiple sclerosis
- Why amyloid beta?
- Diametric diseases
- Painful symptoms
- Defenses vs. defects
- Panic disorder
- How loud a noise before you flee?
- The smoke detector principle
- Complex genetic diseases
- Highly heritable diseases are mostly caused by environments
- Myopia
- Cliff edge fitness functions
- Evolutionary medicine progress
- Evolution: a basic science for medicine
- EvMed teaching
- Evolutionary medicine programs
- Conclusion
Topics Covered
- What is evolutionary medicine
- Explaining traits
- Natural selection and disease vulnerability
- Cancer and natural protection
- Adaptation and maladaptation
- Wrenching transitions
- Defenses vs. defects
- The future of evolutionary medicine
Links
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External Links
Talk Citation
Nesse, R. (2023, June 22). Evolutionary medicine [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/HDXO4388.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Randolph Nesse has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Oncology
Transcript
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0:00
Hello everyone and
welcome to this talk
providing an overview of
evolutionary medicine.
I'm Randy Nesse from
the University of Michigan
and Arizona State University,
and the editor of this
Henry Stewart Talks series
of over 50 talks about
evolutionary medicine.
It's not possible to do
justice to the field
at this point.
It's grown so fast and there are
so many interesting
developments.
But I will provide some
highlights that I hope will help
organize your attention to the
other talks in the series.
0:30
Evolutionary medicine
sounds like it's something
radical or alternative or
a new practice method.
It's none of those things.
It's just a basic science for
medicine like genetics
or physiology.
Evolutionary medicine
uses the basic science
of evolutionary biology
to better understand,
prevent, and treat disease.
You would think this would
have been done long ago.
But one of the very
surprising things that we're
going to discover
in this talk is
evolutionary biology has
basically been neglected
by medicine and a huge
opportunity therefore awaits.
1:03
This diagram shows
evolutionary biology
as the basic science,
medicine as the applied field
with evolutionary
medicine in between.
But those arrows are
significant also,
it's not a one-way street just
using basic science to medicine.
It's also the fact that
studying diseases offers
deep insights into the nature
of why biological systems fail,
which advances studies
in evolutionary biology.
1:28
The field has grown
enormously fast.
George Williams and I wrote
a paper grandly titled.
It was his idea with
the grand title there,
the Dawn of Darwinian
Medicine in 1991.
You can see the scholar
citations increasing
exponentially and they continue
to do so in recent years.
There's now a
scientific society,
the International Society for
Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health,
having its eighth annual
meeting this year;
an Oxford Press journal,
Evolution Medicine and Public
Health, it's open access.
EvMedEd is a series
of resources,
the Evolution of
Medicine Review is
a newsletter, and club
EvMedEd is a journal club
that meets regularly.
If you find all
this interesting,
you can go to
evmed.org and sign up
for newsletters and
other resources.
Henry Stewart Talks
has made a lot of
this possible and
growing faster.