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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Learning goals
- Learning goals (1)
- History of life
- Modern global impacts
- Learning goals (2)
- Impacts on the tree of life
- Responses of organisms (1)
- Responses of organisms: move
- Responses of organisms: adjust (Daphnia)
- Responses of organisms: adjust (in the Arctic)
- Responses of organisms: adapt
- Responses of organisms: die (extinction)
- Responses of organisms: die (extinction today)
- Responses of organisms: die (extinction rates)
- Responses of organisms: die (coextinction)
- Responses of organisms: die (ecosystem collapse)
- Responses of organisms (2)
- Learning goals (3)
- Scientific tools
- Predictive tools
- Monitoring tools
- Molecular tools
- Case study on amphibian declines: California
- Case study on amphibian declines: Panama
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: Chytrid fungus and mosquitos
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: Rhino, elephant and mammoth
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: what should we support?
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: evolution and humans
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: current perception
- Moral, ethical, scientific and social concerns: future views
- Revisiting learning goals
- Thank you
Topics Covered
- Human-mediated global change
- History of life
- Organism response to global change
- Predicting biodiversity changes
- Impacts of humans on the environment
- Anthropocene
- Move, adjust, adapt and die framework
- Computational molecular and environmental monitoring
- Case study on disease mediated amphibians
- Moral ethical scientific and social concerns
Talk Citation
Rosenblum, E.B. (2024, June 30). How do organisms evolve in response to global change? [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 14, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/TLRO7765.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Erica Bree Rosenblum has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Introduction to Evolutionary Biology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Welcome. My name's
Bree Rosenblum.
I'm a professor of
global change biology
at the University of
California, Berkeley.
Today, we're going to be
talking together about
how organisms evolve in
response to global change.
0:15
I have three big goals
for our time together.
The first is that I really
want you to understand,
what is human-mediated
global change?
How is our planet changing,
and how are humans responsible
for a lot of those changes?
The second is that I'd
like you to understand
how organisms evolve in
response to those changes
we're inducing on the planet.
Humans are making changes,
all of the other
species are responding,
and that interaction
is really important
for understanding evolution
on our planet today.
Third, I'd like
you to understand
why the field of
evolutionary biology itself
is so important in
this day and age.
How our field helps us
understand, predict,
and respond to changes that
we're seeing on our planet.
0:57
Let's jump in.
As an evolutionary biologist,
it's really important,
to me, to give
a really quick
big-picture context
to the story we'll
be telling today.
We're going to take
a very rapid journey
through the history of
life on our planet.
1:13
The story of life on Earth
begins 14 billion years ago,
which is when the
story of everything
in our universe begins.
The Big Bang led not only
to an incredible change,
an incredible creation
of an entire universe,
but also led to the
formation, ultimately,
of hundreds of billions of
planets in our own galaxy,
and hundreds of billions of
galaxies in the universe.
We as humans on planet Earth
are particularly interested,
obviously, in our own planet,
which has about a
4.5-billion-year history.
Even though the earth
formed this long ago,
it took a long time before
conditions on our planet
were stable enough to host life.
And it took a really long
time until there were even
any stirrings of the foundations
of life on our planet.
Well before there
was cellular life,
there were macromolecules.
All life forms on planet Earth
have DNA- or RNA-based genomes,
and these macromolecules
didn't appear on our planet
until about 3.8
billion years ago.
It took hundreds of millions
of years after that
for the first cellular
life forms to begin,
and almost another billion years
until we had significant
oxygen accumulation
in the atmosphere.
The first eukaryotes,
the first cells that had nuclei,
and the first stirrings
of multicellular life
where those cells
began to live together
took millions and
millions of more years.
And it's not until what we
call the Cambrian explosion
about 500 million years
ago where we really see
a modern world of what we
consider to be the major lineages
that we recognize today as
animal life on this planet.
Obviously, we have a
phenomenal tree of life.
Animals are only a teeny,
teeny, teeny part of that.
But in terms of bringing us
up to the present moment
and up to this moment where
our species rose to dominance,
this Cambrian explosion was
a really important time.
Nearly all the major
groups of animals
appeared within
10 million years.
Over the course of the next
tens of millions of years,
many of those lineages
diversified into
what we recognize today.
For example, mammals are
about 100 million years old,
and our own species is
about 6 million years old,
in terms of the divergence
of Homo sapiens
from our great ape
common ancestors.
Most people don't
understand the complexity
of our own history as humans.
It's not just that we have
a single human species
on the planet now.
It's that we have
had a rich history
where multiple different
species of humans have evolved.
Some of them have even
co-occurred in space and time,
and all of those millions
of years of history
have led to this
moment where there is
a single species of
human on the planet.
The changes that we've
wrought on the planet
are not only very modern.
Some of them go back
thousands of years.
In fact, we started having
regional impacts on the planet
tens of thousands of years ago.
As we started hunting,
as we started cultivating,
as we started domesticating
crops and animals,
we changed not only
our societies,
but we started to change
the face of the planet.
Over the course of the last
tens of thousands of years,
we have seen an
absolute explosion
in human population growth.
We now have more than 8
billion people on the planet.
Even though we were
already having local
and regional impacts tens
of thousands of years ago,
we are now having an
unprecedented global impact
on the planet.
I'd like to really
quickly walk you through
some of those impacts.
Often, this part of the talk
feels a little bit depressing,
like, wow, we've done
all that in such
a short amount of time.
But I'd like you to stay
with me and just look at
the different
categories of impacts
we've had over the last
several hundred years.
One of the biggest ways
we've literally changed