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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Before we begin…
- Outline
- Learning objectives for this lecture
- Outline: what is epidemiology?
- What is epidemiology?
- What is the importance of epidemiology?
- Questions an epidemiologist must answer
- Birth of epidemiology
- 1855 Cholera outbreak
- Cycles of disease
- Endemic, epidemic, pandemic
- Exercise: endemic disease vs. epidemic disease
- Endemic disease vs. epidemic disease
- Terms for disease cycles
- Epidemiologic tetrad
- Determinants of disease transmission
- Determinants of disease
- Determinants of transmission
- Examples of host determinants with malaria
- Example of pathogen determinants with malaria
- Example of vector determinants with malaria
- Examples of environmental determinants for malaria
- Epidemiological measures
- Epidemiological measures: general / vector specific
- General measures
- Incidence rate
- Incidence rate example: Lyme disease
- Incidence rate of Lyme disease
- Incidence rate of malaria
- Global malaria incidence
- Age adjustment for incidence is critical
- Prevalence
- Prevalence: vector born disease
- Prevalence: hepatitis B
- Which measure is more useful to epidemiologist for understanding risk?
- Basic reproductive rate (R0)
- Herd immunity
- Morbidity vs. mortality
- Burden of disease: disability affected life years (DALYs)
- DALYs per 100,000 people for listeriosis by WHO
- Why might DALYs be a better measure?
- Vector-specific measures
- Entomological inoculation rate (EIR)
- Sporozoite rate
- Human blood index
- Entomological inoculation rate: example
- EIR is a useful measure for interventions
- Mosquito infection rates
- Minimum infection rate (MIR)
- Minimum infection rate (MIR) calculation
- Minimum infection rate assumption
- Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE)
- Comparing estimates
- Vector index
- Vector index calculation
- Application of vector index
- Estimating tick density and infection prevalence
- The density of nymphs (DON)
- Infection prevalence
- Density of host-seeking infected nymphs (DIN)
- Vector competence
- Steps in determining vector competence
- Vectorial capacity
- Vectorial capacity calculation
- Vectorial capacity example
- Review questions
- General references for further reading
- Thank you!
Topics Covered
- Epidemiology
- Endemic
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- Determinants of disease
- General and specific measures including mosquito and tick infection rates
- Field-based applications of the epidemiology of vector borne diseases
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Harrington, L.C. (2023, January 31). Epidemiology [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/JIZU8790.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Laura C. Harrington has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Plant & Animal Sciences
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is
Laura Harrington and
I am a Professor in
the Department of Entomology at
Cornell University in
the United States.
Today, I will be presenting
a lecture on epidemiology.
I'll present this course in
the context of
vector-borne diseases.
0:22
Before you view this lecture,
please review the lectures
on vector-borne
disease transmission,
as well as those on the biology
of arboviruses in malaria.
I will assume that you have
some baseline knowledge
on these topics.
Today I'm going to focus just
on biologically
transmitted agents.
Keep in mind that mechanically
transmitted agents and
other modes of transmission are
important but will
not be covered.
I also will not cover
outbreak investigation.
0:56
Here is an outline of my
presentation for today.
I'll begin with an
introduction to
the field of epidemiology.
We'll then discuss
determinants of disease.
Then I will cover
general and vector-specific
epidemiological measures
including mosquito and
tick infection rate.
I will then share
some field-based applications of
epidemiology and then I will
conclude with a review
and some references
for further reading.
1:30
Here are the learning
objectives for this lecture.
At the end of my presentation,
you should be able to define
epidemiology and
describe why it is
important and understand
the common terms
used in epidemiological
practice.
I expect that you will be able
to understand the difference
between normal endemic
disease cycles and
epidemic disease. And
you should be able to
calculate vector-borne
disease measures,
described how they
are important,
and determine when to apply
each measure. And I will be
presenting a range of
different measures today.
I also expect that
you'll be able to
describe different
data represented by
measures of morbidity and
mortality and consider
the complexity of
factors or determinants
that influence
vector-borne disease
transmission. And lastly,
you should be able to compare
and contrast approaches to
estimating disease risks and
how they are used operationally.