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- Fundamental aspects
-
1. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis
- Prof. Herman Waldmann
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2. Introduction to the immune system
- Prof. Herman Waldmann
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3. Hematopoiesis: the making of an immune system
- Prof. Paul J. Fairchild
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4. Inflammation: purposes, mechanisms and development
- Prof. Pietro Ghezzi
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5. Phagocytosis
- Dr. Eileen Uribe-Querol
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6. Regulated cell death mechanisms and their crosstalk with the immune system 1
- Dr. Luis Alberto Baena-Lopez
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7. Regulated cell death mechanisms and their crosstalk with the immune system 2
- Dr. Luis Alberto Baena-Lopez
- Innate immunity
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11. Cells of the innate immune system
- Prof. Kevin Maloy
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12. Microbial recognition and the immune response
- Dr. Dana Philpott
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13. Toll-like receptor signalling during infection and inflammation
- Prof. Luke O'Neill
- Intercellular mediators
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14. Chemokines
- Dr. James E. Pease
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15. Cytokines
- Prof. Iain McInnes
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16. IL-1 family cytokines as the canonical DAMPs of the immune system
- Prof. Seamus Martin
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17. Glycans at the frontiers of inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer
- Prof. Salomé S. Pinho
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18. Glycoimmunology
- Prof. Paula Videira
- Adaptive immunity B cells
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21. Antigen recognition in the immune system
- Prof. Herman Waldmann
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22. B cell biology
- Prof. Richard Cornall
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23. Antibody structure and function: antibody structure
- Dr. Mike Clark
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24. Antibody structure and function: antibody function
- Dr. Mike Clark
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25. Antibody genes and diversity
- Dr. Mike Clark
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26. In vivo antibody discovery and hybridoma technology
- Prof. Dr. Katja Hanack
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27. Antibody engineering: beginnings to bispecifics and beyond
- Dr. Ian Wilkinson
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29. The immunobiology of Fc receptors
- Prof. Mark Cragg
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30. Immunoreceptors
- Prof. Anton van der Merwe
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31. Affinity, avidity and kinetics in immune recognition
- Prof. Anton van der Merwe
- Adaptive immunity T cells
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32. The thymus and T cell development: a primer
- Prof. Georg Holländer
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33. Lineage decisions in the thymus: T cell lineage commitment
- Prof. Bruno Silva-Santos
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34. Lineage decisions in the thymus: αβ and γδ T cell lineages
- Prof. Bruno Silva-Santos
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35. CD4 T cell subsets
- Dr. Brigitta Stockinger
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36. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Prof. Gillian M. Griffiths
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37. Gamma delta T-cells
- Prof. Bruno Silva-Santos
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38. Tfh and Tfr cells
- Prof. Luis Graca
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39. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM)
- Dr. Marc Veldhoen
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40. Mathematical modeling in immunology
- Prof. Ruy M. Ribeiro
- The importance of the MHC in immunity
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41. The MHC and MHC molecules 1
- Prof. Jim Kaufman
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42. The MHC and MHC molecules 2
- Prof. Jim Kaufman
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43. Natural killer cells
- Dr. Philippa Kennedy
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44. Human NK cells
- Prof. Lorenzo Moretta
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46. NK cells in viral immunity
- Prof. Lewis Lanier
- Lymphocyte activation
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47. Signal transduction by leukocyte receptors
- Dr. Omer Dushek
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48. Immunological memory 1
- Prof. David Gray
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49. Immunological memory 2
- Prof. David Gray
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50. Studying immune responses “one cell at a time”
- Dr. Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Major cellular partners in immunity
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51. The mononuclear phagocyte system - tissue resident macrophages: distribution and functions
- Prof. Emeritus Siamon Gordon
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52. The mononuclear phagocyte system: tissue resident macrophages - activation and regulation
- Prof. Emeritus Siamon Gordon
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53. Dendritic cells: professional antigen presenting cells
- Prof. Paul J. Fairchild
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54. Mucosal immunology
- Prof. Daniel Mucida
- Immunological tolerance and regulation
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55. Self-tolerance
- Prof. Herman Waldmann
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56. Tolerance and autoimmunity
- Prof. Emerita Anne Cooke
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57. The balance between intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation
- Prof. Dr. Janneke Samsom
- Translational immunology - immune deficiency
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58. Primary immunodeficiency disorders
- Dr. Smita Y. Patel
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59. Changes in innate and adaptive immunity during human ageing 1
- Dr. Roel De Maeyer
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60. Changes in innate and adaptive immunity during human ageing 2
- Dr. Roel De Maeyer
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61. The aging immune system
- Prof. Ana Caetano
- Translational immunology - protection against pathogenic microbes
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62. Immune responses to viruses
- Prof. Paul Klenerman
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63. HIV and the immune system
- Prof. Quentin Sattentau
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64. COVID-19: the anti-viral immune response
- Prof. Danny Altmann
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65. Bacterial immune evasion
- Prof. Christoph Tang
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66. The immunology underlying tuberculosis
- Prof. Thomas R. Hawn
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67. Innate immunity to fungi
- Prof. Gordon D. Brown
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68. Parasite immunity: introduction and Plasmodium
- Dr. Catarina Gadelha
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69. Parasite immunity: Leishmania and Schistosoma
- Dr. Catarina Gadelha
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70. Vaccination
- Dr. Anita Milicic
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71. The history of vaccines 1
- Prof. Emeritus Anthony R. Rees
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72. The history of vaccines 2
- Prof. Emeritus Anthony R. Rees
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73. The history of vaccines 3
- Prof. Emeritus Anthony R. Rees
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74. The science of vaccine adjuvants
- Dr. Derek O'Hagan
- Translational immunology - hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease and their management
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75. Hypersensitivity diseases: type 1 hypersensitivity
- Prof. Herman Waldmann
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76. Innate lymphoid cells in allergy
- Prof. Emeritus Shigeo Koyasu
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77. Hypersensitivity diseases: type II-IV hypersensitivity
- Prof. Sara Marshall
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78. Immune memory underlying lifelong peanut allergy
- Dr. Kelly Bruton
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79. Memory B cells in allergy: B cell activation and response
- Dr. Kelly Bruton
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80. Memory B cells in allergy: ontogeny, phenotype and plasticity
- Dr. Kelly Bruton
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81. B cells at the crossroads of autoimmune diseases
- Dr. Xiang Lin
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82. Interleukin-17: from clone to clinic
- Prof. Leonie Taams
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83. Autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
- Prof. Emerita Anne Cooke
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84. What is new in type 1 diabetes?
- Prof. Åke Lernmark
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85. Antibodies to control or prevent type 1 diabetes
- Dr. Robert Hilbrands
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86. Monoclonal antibodies in haemato-oncology
- Prof. Mark Cragg
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87. Therapeutic antibodies
- Dr. Geoffrey Hale
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88. Endothelial cells: regulators of autoimmune-neuroinflammation
- Dr. Laure Garnier
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89. Neuroimmunometabolism
- Prof. Ana Domingos
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90. The immunology of multiple sclerosis
- Dr. Joanne Jones
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91. Immunology of the peripheral nervous system: the inflammatory neuropathies
- Dr. Simon Rinaldi
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92. Ocular immunology: an overview of immune mechanisms operating in the eye
- Dr. Eleftherios Agorogiannis
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93. Understanding myasthenia gravis and advances in its management
- Prof. Henry J. Kaminski
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94. The immunology underlying rheumatic diseases
- Dr. Hussein Al-Mossawi
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96. Complement and lupus
- Prof. Marina Botto
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97. Immune mechanisms in liver diseases
- Prof. Paul Klenerman
- Translational immunology - transplantation immunology
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98. Principles of transplantation: overview of the immune response
- Prof. Emerita Kathryn Wood
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99. Factors influencing outcomes in clinical transplantation 1
- Prof. Emerita Kathryn Wood
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100. Factors influencing outcomes in clinical transplantation 2
- Prof. Emerita Kathryn Wood
- Translational immunology - cancer immunology
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101. Cancer immunology
- Prof. Tim Elliott
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102. Cancer immunotherapy
- Prof. Tim Elliott
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103. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer
- Prof. Dmitry Gabrilovich
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104. IL-2 in the immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer
- Prof. Thomas Malek
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105. Latest advances in the development of CAR & TCR T-cell treatments for solid tumours
- Dr. Else Marit Inderberg
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Introduction to antibody structure
- Schematic of IgG structure
- Antibody fragments
- Schematic view of IgG domains
- Flexibility of the IgG molecule
- Immunoglobulin C-region domain structure
- Immunoglobulin V-region domain structure
- Ribbon backbone model of IgG
- Space filling model of IgG
- Mammalian antibody classes
- Immunoglobulin subclasses
- Antibody isotypes in human, mouse and rat
- IgM monomer and pentamer
- IgA monomers and dimers
- Immunoglobulin IgD and IgE
- Cell surface immunoglobulin
- Thank you for listening
Topics Covered
- The basic antibody structure
- Mammalian antibody classes
- Immunoglobulin subclasses
- Structure of different subclasses and classes of antibody
- Soluble and cell-surface antibodies
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Clark, M. (2021, February 28). Antibody structure and function: antibody structure [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved February 5, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WQIO6778.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Requested.
Antibody structure and function: antibody structure
Published on February 28, 2021
34 min
A selection of talks on Biochemistry
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hi, my name is Dr. Mike Clark,
and I was formerly Reader in Therapeutic Molecular Immunology
at the Department of Pathology, Cambridge University.
This lecture is going to be about antibody structure and
function and is going to be divided into two parts.
In part 1 of the lecture,
I'm going to deal with the structures.
0:17
Immunology presents us with a real problem,
and that is that we don't know in advance
what infectious diseases we will encounter during our lifetime.
We're going to be faced with a vast array of
different pathogens that will infect us at different times during our life.
Each of those different pathogens will present us with
an array of different antigens that they express,
and we will have to make an immune response that deals with all those different antigens.
This is the problem of the generation of diversity in the formation of antibodies.
We need to have antibodies that are specific to
all the different antigens that we might encounter during our lifetime.
In this lecture, we're going to,
first of all, deal with the basic antibody structure.
This is the structure of the standard antibody,
its variable regions that bind to these different antigens,
and then the constant regions.
Then we'll go on to deal with the structure of different classes and subclasses of
antibody that will mediate
the different functions that we will deal with in the next lecture.
1:12
What we have here is the schematic of an IgG structure,
and I think many of you will be familiar with this.
It's a basic Y-shaped molecule that is depicted in many publications.
This is really the basic structure of the IgG molecule as I show here,
the one that's most commonly discussed.
What you can see is that the molecule has effectively a certain symmetry about it.
It's actually a pseudo-axis of
rotational symmetry about the vertical axis in this picture.
What you can see is we've got an antigen-binding site indicated on the top right here,
and there are actually two antigen-binding sites
in this molecule: one on the left and one on the right.
We've got various domains,
these are protein domains that make up the entire structure.
Each of these is delineated by those ellipses on the screen.
The molecule is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains.
These have got domains which are given letters and numbers.
We can see here that we've got domains on the heavy chain,
'H' for heavy chain,
which are labeled in this diagram: VH,
CH1, CH2, and CH3.
These stand for the variable domain of the heavy chain:
the first constant domain of the heavy chain,
the second constant domain of the heavy chain,
and the third constant domain of the heavy chain.
Then we've got two other domains up here which are from the light chain.
We've got the variable domain of
the light chain and the constant domain of the light chain.
These are like beads on a string in terms of the protein structure,
and the molecule is built up from repeated domains within the structure.
Between the heavy chain 1 and the heavy chain 2 domains,
there is actually, in this particular molecule, the IgG,
there is a more flexible region which is called the hinge.
This is, rather the domain,
is a more flexible long protein chain that joins the two domains together.
Then finally, an indicator on this diagram we've got a glycosylation site,
which is commonly conserved in the CH2 region of the IgG molecule.
So that's the basic structure and you'll come across
this representation over and over again when you look at it,
and we'll be referring back to these types of diagrams as we go on with the discussion.
It's worth thinking about this in terms of, as I pointed out,
you've got a certain repeated structure within it and
repeating domains building up the entire subject.
Also, you've got the rotational symmetry within this molecule,
that the two halves of the molecule;
if you rotate the right-hand side and rotate it over to the left, essentially,
you've got identical heavy and light chains on
each side of this molecule but rotated through a 180 degrees.