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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Interferon, the oldest known cytokine
- Type I interferon mechanism of action
- The IFN pathway
- Viral inhibitors of IFN induction
- The IFN pathway - inhibition of IFN induction
- Detection of viruses by the host
- Detection of viruses by the host - RNA viruses
- Activation and inhibition of RIG-I
- Detection of viruses by the host - DNA viruses
- The IFN pathway - inhibition of IFN signaling
- IFN-beta signaling pathway
- Viral inhibitors of IFN signaling
- How viruses inhibit IFN signaling
- The IFN pathway - anti viral gene products
- Mx pathway
- PKR pathway
- 2-5(A) synthetases (OAS) pathway
- Genes with antiviral activity - summary
- Other IFN-induced antiviral pathways
- Viral Inhibitors of cellular gene expression
- Coordination in vivo
- Role of viral IFN antagonists
- Uses of Viruses with debilitated IFN antagonists
- Thank you
Topics Covered
- Introduction to the type I interferon (IFN) system
- Induction of type I IFN by viruses
- TLR sensors and cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors
- Inhibition of nucleic acid sensing by RNA and DNA viruses
- Type I IFN signaling and its inhibition by viruses
- Activities of type I IFN inducible genes and their viral inhibitors
- General inhibition of host gene expression by viruses
- Coordination of immune responses by type I IFN
- Role of viral IFN antagonists in virus biology
- Applications of viruses with debilitated interferon antagonism
Links
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Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Garcia-Sastre, A. (2018, July 31). The type I interferon system and viruses [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved November 7, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/YHBI2657.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Adolfo Garcia-Sastre has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Microbiology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Adolfo Garcia-Sastre,
Professor at the Department of Microbiology at
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
I have be working now for more than 20 years on
virus-host interactions; especially interactions with
the type one interferon system; and I will be giving
you a lecture on the type one interferon system and viruses.
0:25
Interferon is actually the oldest known cytokine.
It was discovered, a while ago in 1957 by Isaacs and Lindenmann,
who found that interferon
was a cellular factor with antiviral activity,
secreted when they treat sickle cells with partially heat-inactivated influenza viruses.
When they moved the supernatum from these chicken cells,
in to new chicken cells, they found that these new chicken cells become
resistant to viral infection - and that was due to the activity of interferon.
Now today we know that there are more than one type of interferon,
type one interferon alpha-beta (α/β) is one of
the interferons and this is produced by most cells. It is the one that is
most studied, has direct antiviral activity with
a spectrum of antiviral activity and is secreted in response to pathogens like viruses.
We also have type two interferon or interferon gamma (IFN-γ). It also has
antiviral activity, but the main action of interferon gamma,
which is produced by B cells and NK cells, in response to
IL-12 (Interleukin -12) is to modulate adaptive immune responses to viruses.
Then finally we have type III interferons or interferon lambdas (IFN-λs),
which are very similar to type I interferons in terms of
how they act and how they have been induced, but
the expression of its receptor is restricted to specific cell types.
So not all the cells are able to respond to type
III interferon, it's mainly epithelial cells - which are able to
respond to type III interferon, while
almost any cell in an organism has the ability to respond to type I interferon.