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Audio Interview

Complex in vitro models and the future of drug safety and efficacy assessment

Published on October 15, 2026   8 min

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Interviewer: We're speaking today with Dr. Nadine Stokar, Lead Investigative Pathologist at Roche, whose key focus lies in complex in vitro models, organoids, and alternative non-clinical approaches in pharmaceutical development. Nadine has kindly joined us to discuss a review she published in the Journal of Toxicologic Pathology on the potential of complex in vitro models to improve drug efficacy and safety assessment while reducing animal use. Nadine, thank you very much for joining us today. Dr. Nadine: Thank you very much for having me. Interviewer: Could you start by explaining what complex in vitro models are and why they are increasingly important to the pharma industry? Dr. Stokar: Yes. Complex in vitro models are part of the in vitro model cultures, it´s a cell culture model. Nevertheless the complex part or the complexity is increasing with adding several types of cell types together to an organ or organ-like system and also going into the 3D modeling. Our tissue engineers, our bio engineers are working on more complex formats of cell cultures with the aim to recapitulate more the tissue origin, the anatomy, the morphology but also the functionality of cell culture models. And why it's increasingly important? The aim or the goal of that is to have a better model or a more predictive model compared to a simple 2D cell culture. With increased engineering, you can add also vasculature, you can add immune cells. Also, the cell-cell interaction can be a topic and captured here. It's really nice, basically, what can be

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